
Class 



Book 



COPYRiGHT DEPOSIT 



J. DEYLIN. R. C. OGDEN. 

DEVLIN & COMPANY, 




BROADWAY, CORNER GRAND STREET, 
NEW YORK. 

The above cut represents our " up-town store,'' in which we carry on 

Every Branch of the Clothing Business, 

INCLUDING 

READY-WDE CLOTHINd FOR MEN AND BOYS, 



Wholesale and Bet ail. 

CUSTOM WORK OR OLOTHINa TO ORDER 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

ftenllctneii's l^uruishinff (Hoods of alf Jiiints 

Keaftif-mndc, and American Yoke 

Shifts Made to Order. 



Washington City 



AND HOW TO SEE IT 



A COMPLETE POCKET GUIDE 



TO ALL PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE 



NATIONAL CAPITAL AND VICINITY 



NEW YORK 

PUBLISHED BY IIURD AND HOUGHTON 

CambnUffc: Cbe Kiijemtie Iprcgg 

1876 

r 



NOT I' 



To supply a portable, well-arranged, correct, and cheap guide 
to the Capital citv of the United States, has been the aim of the 
compiler of this little book. To indicate the objects of interest, 
of -which there are so many in the city of Washington, and how 
to find them ; to give the facts pertaining to each so far as they 
would interest the average visitor, without a statement of dry 
details ; to meet the needs of the great class of people that visit 
Washington to see the sights, and who must needs S])end but 
little time in the seeing; — to supply' these wants, and not to 
give history, biography, or scientific information, has been the 
object attempted, and, it is hoped, attained. 

To make a large guide-book of Washington, and thereby 
increase the cost, is an easy, but, to nine tenths of the public, 
an entirely useless, matter. Hence it is hoped that many of tlie 
multitude of visitors that anniudly visit Washington, will find 
in this all the information they need. 



DEVLIN AND COMPANY, 

LEADING CLOTHIERS. 




.mi 

lillllli 







DOWX TOWN STORE. 

Broailtrnt/, corner of Warren Street, 

NEW YORK. 



("Jopy right., 1876, by TIuud and lIouGitTON. 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Agricultural Department . 44 
Alexandria .... 65 
Alms-house . . . .53 
Amusements ... 54 

Aqueduct . . . • . 6} 
Arlington .... 64 
Armory Square . . .53 
Army Medical Museum . 5i) 

Arsenal 48 

Baptist Churches . . 58 
Hattle Ground . . .62 
IJenevolent Institutions . 53 
Bladen SBURG . . . ,61 
(^\PITOL . . . . 11 

Children's Hospital . .54 
Churches .... 58 
City Hall . . . . 60 
Coast Survey Office . . 50 
Columbia Armory . . .49 
Columbian College . . 55 
(Columbia Hospital . . 54 
Columbia Institution for 

Deaf and Dumb . . .56 
Congregational Churches 58 
Congressional Conservatory 5'> 
Corcoran Art Gallery . 5!) 
District of Columbia . . 60 
District Government . 60 
Drive to the North . . 61 
Early History ... 7 

Epiphany Church Home . 54 
Episcopal Churches . . 59 
E.\ECUTiVE Mansion . . 36 
Farragut Square . . 52 
Fourteenth Street Circle . 51 
Ford's The.\tre . . . 55 
Fortifications . . .61 
Fort Washington . . 65 
Franklin Square . . .52 
Georgetown ... 63 



Georgetown College . 

Government Asylum 

Government Printing Office 

Government IIeservation, 
No. 2 

GoNZAGA College 

Gre.vt Falls . . . . 

Home for the Aged . 

Hotels 

Howard University . 

Institutions of Learning 

Interior Department 

Jackson Equestrian Statue . 

Judiciary Square 

Justice, Department of 

Lafayette Square 

Lincoln Hall 

Lincoln Park 

Little Falls . . . . 

Louise Home 

Lutheran Churches 

Masonic Hall 

Method of numbering Streets 
and Buildings . 

Methodist Epis. Churches . 

Methodist Episcopal (South) 
(Churches . . . . 

jNIilitary Asylum 

Mount Vernon 

Mount Vernon Place 

National Soldiers' and Sail- 
ors" Orphan Home . 

National Theatre . 

Naval Observatory . 

Navy Department . 

Navy Yard .... 

New Building for State, War, 
AND Navy Departments 

Offices of the District (Jov- 
ernment . . . . 



PARE 

55 



INDEX. 



I 


age 


PAGE 


Official Etiquette 


66 


Scott Circle and Statue . 


52 


Ordnance Museum 


49 


Scott Square .... 


52 


Orphan Asylum 


54 


Smithsonian Institution . 


46 


Plan of the City 


8 


State Department . 


41 


Population . . . . 


10 


Street Railways 


57 


Post Office Department . 


41 


Treasury Department . 


37 


Presbyterian Churches 


59 


Various Charitable Institu- 




Providence Hospital . 


53 


tions 


54 


P Street Circle . 


53 


Vicinity of Washington . 


61 


Public Parks and Grounds 


51 


War Department . 


39 


Public Schools 


56 


Washington Circle and 




Rawlins Square . 


53 


Statue 


52 


Reform School 


53 


Washington Monument 


48 


Rock Creek Church . 


62 


Winder's Building 


49 


Roman Catholic Churches . 


59 


Women's Christian Associa- 




St. Ann's Infant Asylum . 


54 


tion 


54 


St. John's Hospital 


54 


Young 3Ien"s Christian As- 




St. ^Vincent's Female Or- 




sociation .... 


54 


phan Asylum 


54 







INDEX TO THE CAPITOL. 



Basement .... 
Bronze Doors. Crawford's 
Bronze Door. Rogers's 
Capitol Grounds 
Corridor of the House of 

Representatives 

Crypt 

Dimensions .... 
Directory of the House 
Directory of the Senate . 

Dome 

East Front .... 
Hall of the House of Rep-' 

resentatives . 
Heating and Ventilating . 
History and Architecture 
House Committee Rooms 
House Post Office 
Library of Congress . 
Library of the House 
National Statuary Hall 
Plan of Principal Story . 



34 


Plan of the House 


36 


24 


Plan of the Senate . 


26 


16 


Police 


36 


14 


President's Room 


23 




Restaurants . . . . 


35 


28 


Rotunda .... 


18 


35 


Senate Chamber . 


25 


18 


Senate Committee Rooms . 


24 


29 


Senate Corridor . 


22 


26 


Senate Sergeant at Arms 


23 


17 


Senate Post Office 


23 


15 


Senate Reception Room . 


23 




Senators' Retiring Room 


23 


32 


Sergeant at Arms of the 




36 


House 


28 


11 


Site 


11 


29 


Speaker op the House . 


29 


29 


Statue of Liberty 


18 


84 


Supreme Court Room . 


22 


29 


Tomb 


35 


25 


Vice President's Room 


23 


19 


West Front 


17 



l. 

!]g'I]D[Z]\^[ZJQ^nD^£rs>. 



REFERENCES. 



11 Naval Observatory. 

12. Arsenul. 

13. Navy Yard. 

14. Marine Barracks. 

15. City Hull. 

16. Jaif. 

17. Asylum. 

18. Markets. 

19. Smithsonian Institution. 
Department of Agriculture. 20. Washington Monument. 

21. Statue of Washington. 

22. Statue of Washington. 
2'?. Statue of Jackson. 
24. Corcoran Art Gallery. 
2.5. Botanical Garden. 
26. Congressional Cemetery. 
Ti. Naval Hospital. 



1. The Capitol. 

2. Executive Mansion. 
8. State Department. 

4. Treasury Department. 

5. War Department. 

6. Navy Department. 

7. Interior Department. 

8. Post Office Department. 

9. Attorney General's Office, 



oarjaactev. 






2fia^^... 



rJi[iIl[^Jill]|]a□^2^c^X-.-.- 




^^^P^ 



:i[3k^ 



Da 






Sf^^ 



fe 






: J □ LD [nacsigta [7j □ p a o^a 

J^zD ttstK^i^,!!/ aL;?f£PZJ □ izQ'a □ □ L_ia ^H>-j 



aarjoaaf. 



aoDS 



Sr 



Il7 














UNIONTOWII' 



If 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



EARLY HISTORY. 

The unity of interest and history between tlie City of Wash- 
ington and District of Columbia is so complete that in the prep- 
aration of the following pages they have been treated together. 
A division of the subject would consume the reader's time and 
serve no good purpose. 

The question of a permanent seat of government to be under 
the exclusive contro' of Congress was first debated after the in- 
sult offered to that body in Philadelphia, in June, 1783, by a 
band of mutinous soldiers, who assailed the hall during session, 
demanding arrearages of pay. In October of the same year, 
legislation upon the subject was fairly inaugurated, and thence- 
forward, imtil the final decision (July IG, 1790) fixed the loca- 
tion as it now exists. Congress and the country at large were in- 
volved in excited discussion of the question which formed an 
important element in the debates upon the framing of the Con- 
stitution. President Washington's advocacy of the present site 
of the Capital doubtless had great weight in securing the decis- 
ion of Congress. His attention was arrested by the advantages 
Avhich this location presented for a city, when he was a youthful 
surveA'or of the country in this vicinity, and when, with Brad- 
dock's forces, he encamped on the hill — long known as Camp 
Hill from this incident —now occupied by the Naval Observa- 
tory. 

The location being decided, the States of Virginia and Mary- 
land ceded to the general government a part of their territory, 
embracing an area of ten miles square, and including the cities 
of Georgetown and Alexandria; -adding to the grant a donation 
of about S170,000 for the improvement of the new Capital. In 
July, 1840, Congress ceded back to Virginia the territory origi- 



8 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

tially donated bv her, cnibraciiig the city of Alexandria, thus 
reducing the area to about sixty square niilns. 

A commission was appointed by Congress to make purchases 
of hind from private individuals, to define the proper bounda- 
ries, and to erect the necessary buildings. The commissioners 
laid the corner-stone of the District at Jones' Point, near Alex- 
andria, on the 15th of April, 1791; and directed that the fed- 
eral district should be called the Territory of Columbia, and the 
federal city the City of Washington. 'I'he fund donated by 
Virginia and Marj-land being exhausted, Congress authorized a 
loan for the continuation of the improvements, under which 
authority President Washington received from the State of 
Maryland a loan of $100,000. In June, 1800, the commissioners 
reported the necessary buildings ready for occupancy ; where- 
upon the public offices were immediately removed from Phila- 
delphia, and on the third jMonday of November following, Con- 
gress held its first session in the infant city, and on the 27th day 
of February, 1801, formally assumed jurisdiction over the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. The government has continued in occupancy 
of the Capital from its first removal there until the present time, 
save for a period of two or three days subsequent to the battle 
of Bladensburg, August 24, 1814, Avhich placed the city at the 
mercy of the British forces under General Ross and Admiral 
Cockburn. Congress was not in session, but the executive of- 
ficers of the government were obliged to make a hasty retreat, 
leaving most of the public ofiices and records to the mercy of 
the invaders, who made a short space of time suffice for an ex- 
tended work of destruction. The Capitol and Executive Man- 
sion were fired and greatly damaged, a large portion of the pub- 
lic records consumed or mutilated, and much private property 
destroved. 

PLAN OF THE CITY. 

President Washington, as soon as the location was decided, 
directed Major L'Enfant to lay out a plan for the capital city; 
but finding him unsatisfactory, appointed Andrew Kllicott in his 
place. 

In laying out the plan of the city, ]Mr. Kllicott drew a merid- 
ional line, by astronomical observation, through the area intended 
for the Capitol, and upon this basis laid off two sets of streets, 
intersecting each other at right angles, and distinguished by let- 
ters and numbers. The streets rimning north and south are 
numbered, and those running east and west are lettered, taking 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 9 

the Capitol as a starting-point. Avenues were llieii projeeted, 
cutting the streets at various angles, and connecting the promi- 
nent points of the city ; the avenues intersecting each other 
with large open spaces at certain points. Tiiese avenues are 
named after, and located to correspond with, the position of the 
different States in the Union, and are from one hundred and 
thirty to one hundred and sixty feet wide ; the streets vary 
from ninety to one hundred and ten feet in width. The city is 
four and a half miles in length, and two and a half in hreadth. 

METHOD OF NUMBEKING STREETS AND BUILDINGS. 

For one not familiar with streets, localities, and points of the 
compass in Washington, a reference to the map will be neces- 
sary to illustrate this explanation of the somewhat complex sys- 
tem of naming and numbering the streets, which has always 
been a source of confusion to the stranger. This system, how- 
ever, when fully comprehended, enables one to find any given 
street and number without assistance. 

The city is now divided into four sections, the Capitol being 
the centre, respectively denominated. Northeast, Northwest, 
Southeast, Southwest. Streets of the same names appearing 
in all the^e sections, and the same avenues, in several cases, 
traversing more than one section, it is custoniarv in stating an 
address to add to the street the initial letters (as N. E., etc.) of 
the section in which it is located. An exception to this rule is the 
Northwest section, which contains the main portion of the city, 
reyarding n-hich the indicating initials are dropped, and by com- 
mon usage it is understood, when 710 section is stated, this section 
is meant. 

The limits of the several sections are as follows : — 

Northeast. East of North Capitol Street and north of East 
Capitol Street. 

Southeast. East of South Capitol Street and south of East 
Capitol Street. 

Southwest. West of South Capitol Street and south of Gov- 
ernment Reservation No. 2. 

Northwest. West of North Capitol Street and north of Gov- 
ernment Reservation No. 2. 

The Mall, or Goverinnent Reservation No. 2, which is the di- 
viding line between the north and south sections of the Avestern 
portion of the city, begins at tiie Capitol grounds at First Street 



10 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

west, and runs west to Seventeenth Street, connecting the 
grounds of the Capitpl and Executive Mansion. 

The streets running east and west ai-e lettered, and those run- 
ning north and south are numbered, except some very short 
streets which intersect blocks. 

The buildings are numbered upon the Philadelphia plan. On 
the lettered streets, running east and west, and lettering each 
way from the Capitol, and avenues running diagonally, the num- 
bers of the buildings begin at North and South Capitol streets, 
and count each way, the numbers of the streets indicating hun- 
dreds, those between First and Second streets including from 
one hundred upward, between Second and Third streets from 
two iiundred upward, and so on. 

The numbered streets running north and south count each 
way from the Capitol, and the buildings thereon number from 
the dividing line, viz : The Government Reservation No. 2, on 
the west, and East Capitol Street on the east of the Capitol. 
The system of numbering is the same as with the lettered 
streets, the numbers being located to correspond with the letters 
of the alphabet. 

To illustrate the above : To find No. 1113 Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue. The initials of the section being omitted, it shows it to be 
N. W., and the number explains that it is between Eleventh 
and Twelfth streets, To Hnd 510 E Street, N. K. Tiie general 
direction is given by the initials, and by recalling the plan as 
aI)ove explained, it appears thatE Street is the fifth street north 
of the Capitol, and the desired number betAVeen the fifth and 
sixth streets east of North Capitol Street. To find 510 Third 
Street, S- W. The southwest section being understood, it is 
plain that the street in question is the third street west of the 
Capitol and the number to be found between E and F streets, 
the former being the fifth letter of the alphabet. 

It is important to remember that the letter J is omitted in the 

plan of streets. 

POPULATION. 

The population of the District has steadily increased from 
14,093 in 1800, to 75,115 in 1860 (not including Alexandria, 
which was ceded back to Virginia in 1840), and 130,000 in 
1870. This nmiiber is vastly augmented during the sessions of 
Congress. The wax wrought an important and happy change in 
the character and number of the people, and instead of the de- 
generacy and ruin prophesied by many, a few years have given 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 11 

evidence of the energy and intelligence of the new citizens, and 
the city is now rapidly increasing in prosperity and impor- 
tance. 



GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 



THE CAPITOL. 



THE SITE. 



The first and grandest object of interest to the sight-seer is 
the Capitol, a magnificent structure, conspicuous on entering 
the city, and prominent for many miles from every section 
of the neighboring country. It is situated a little east of the 
centre of the city, which has grown more rapidly to the west 
than was anticipated, and stands on the brow of a plateau ninety 
feet above the level of the low-tide water of the Potomac River. 
This commanding position was chosen by George Washington, 
and was included in the original plan of the city as designed by 
L'Enfant, iind laid out by Andrew Ellicott. As already observed, 
the Capitol is the central point of the arrangement of the streets, 
as will readily appear by a glance at the map, every other feature 
being made subservient to this. 

ITISTOUY AND AIICHITECTURE. 

The site having been chosen and located accurately, the com- 
missioners appointed under an act of Congress to purchase land 
and erect buildings for the use of the government advertised, 
early in 1792, for ])lans for the Capitol and Executive Mansion, 
offering a prize of 3500 for the designs which should be accepted. 
In this, as in almost everything pertaining to the inception of the 
Federal Capital, in which the mature judgment of a mind cultured 
in art and wise in practical affairs could assist, Jefferson took an 
active interest, and greatly influenced the decisions that were 
made. The accepted design was submitted by Dr. William 
Thornton, although it was considerably altered from its original 
form before being put practically into execution. Stephen 
Hallet, a French architect, was employed to undertake the con- 
struction, which was begun by laying the corner-stone of the 
north wing of the central edifice, on Wednesday, September 




•'*'i'i'ii!''''il!iii!!!iiillilllll!lll!!lfe 



CITY OF V/ASIIINGTON. 13 

18, 1793. President Washington officiated on the occasion, 
which was observed with civic, military, and masonic honors, 
and a grand barbecue. Tlve work passed successively under 
the superintendence of Stephen Hallet. (leorge Hadlield, and 
James Jloban, as architects, and the north wing was made avail- 
able for the sitting of Congress in November, 1800. The south 
wing, which was much more beautiful in tinish than the north, 
was completed in 1811. On the 24th of August, 1814, the in- 
terior of both wings was destroyed with tire by the iJritish 
troops, and Congress was therefore compelled to hold its ses- 
sions in various other buildings. Having passed an order for 
the rebuilding of the Capifol, the work was commenced imnie- 
diately, under the direction of B. II. Latrobe, architect, who 
was succeeded in 1817 by Charles Bultinch, and the original 
plan was substantially completed in 1825, Congress in the mean 
time having returned to the occupanc}^ of the building. The 
ann)unt of money expended upon the Ca])itol to this date, was 
within a fraction of $2,700,000. The architecture of this cen- 
tral portion is principally Corinthian; the Doric style is em- 
ployed in some portions, and several of tlie columns have orig- 
inal designs for their capitals. The material of which the walls 
are constructed is sandstone, quarried on an island in Aqnia 
Creek, Virginia, that was purchased by the government for this 
purpose, in 1791, at a cost of $6,000. 

By an act of Congress, September -30, 1850, it was provided 
that the Capitol be extended ; and plans, sui)mitted by Thomas 
U. Walter, architect, were accepted by President Fillmore, June 
10, 1851. The corner-stone was laid in the presence of a vast con- 
course of people from every section of the country, on the 4th 
of July, the first day of the seventy-sixth year of the inde- 
pendence of the United States, by the President ; Daniel Web- 
ster, then Secretary of State, being the orator of the day. 

The material used in the construction of the walls of the 
"extensions" is white marble, slightly variegated with blue, 
quarried at Lee, Mass. The column^, of pure white marble, 
are each in one solid block, and were quarried at Cockeysville, 
Md. The details of architecture are referred to under appro- 
priate titles in consecutive order. The style of the new portions 
of the structure harnmnizes with the old, but " the so-called 
'extensions' and the new dome are not so much additions, as 
parts of an essentially new and different building, the central 
and architecturally more important parts of which remain to 



14 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

be constructed. When completed the central porticos will pro- 
ject slightly in advance of those already built on the wings, 
and a suitable base will thus be formed to the dome, from the 
lack of which it now appears inadequately supported." 

THE CAPITOL GROUNDS. 

The Capitol Grounds are in the form of a parallelogram and 
contain nearly fifty-two acres, being 1,800 feet from east to 
west and 1,250 feet from north to south. It is only since the 
year 1874 that these grounds have been so large, when, in 
consequence of "the enlargement of ^the building and a change 
in the grade of the streets in the vicinity, an extension and 
complete remodeling of the grounds became necessary. The 
principal feature of the new design of the grounds is a spa- 
cious court on the east front, with approaches from all the 
avenues and streets which lead toward the Capitol. Except 
where these approaches enter it, the court is bordered by an 
esplanade, at the rear of which is a continuous seat looking to- 
ward the Capitol. A parapet of pierced stone-work fonjis the 
back of the seat, separating it from a green park-like glade. The 
parapet is broken at intervals by piers which support fourteen 
bronze standards sustaining each two lanterns. Opposite the 
central portico there are six larger piers and lanterns, and two 
gardinets of polished red granite. From the centre of each of 
these will rise an elliptical vase of bronze nineteen feet in length. 
The space between the base of the vase and the outer wall of 
the gardinet is to be occupied b}' natural foliage and flowers, 
and the vase is to be crowned with a wreath of spray which at 
night is to be illuminated by concealed gas jets in the centre. 
The grounds otherwise are to be treated very simply so as to 
produce the effect of a natural grove through which the ap- 
proaches have been carried so as to avoid injury to the trees, 
secure as much shade as possible for those passing over them, 
and to leave open effective perspectives from and toward the 
Capitol." Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted of New York supplied 
the ])Ians under which the improvements of the grounds are, at 
the time of writing, going forward. The fine growth of trees, 
which have been tenderly preserved and carefully cultivated, are 
one of the chief attractions. 

The colossal statue of Washington by Horatio Greeno-igh, 
stands in the court facing the east front. The statue was 
ordered b}' Congress in 1832, and was intended to find a place in 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 15 

the interior of the Capitol. It bears tlie inscription, "First in 
war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen." 
This statue has had a history too long to be recounted in detail 
here. It was made in Florence, Italy, and on account of its 
great size was with difficulty brought to this country. It was at 
one time placed in the rotunda of the Capitol, but being out of 
proportion to the place was removed to its present location. It 
was eight years under the hand of the artist, and weighs twelve 
tons. 

THE KAST KKONT. 

This side of the building has received the greater amount of 
attention from the fact that the city was originally expected to 
grow in this and not in the opposite direction. The usual 
approach of the stranger, being from the west and from a lower 
level a conception of the size, of the building is realized but not 
of the finest portions of the architecture. The east front is that 
to which visitors in carriages would naturally be carried. The 
building consists of a central edifice (see dimensions) and two 
wings which are connected by corridors. The tliree great 
flights of steps and poi'ticoes on this front are the entrances 
respectively to the Senate Chamber in the north wing, the 
Rotunda in the centre, and the Hall of Representatives in the 
south wing. Beneath these steps are vaulted carriage-ways 
and broad entrances to the ground floor. The right and left 
cheek-blocks of the centre flight of steps are ornamented with 
statuary. That on the right side (entering) is by Horatio Green- 
ough, and represents the struggles of pioneer settlers. A sturdy 
backwoodsman is grappling a powerful Indian, whose toma- 
hawk had been uplifted to strike the death-blow of the white 
man's wife and child, whose faithful dog stands by, anxious 
to assist his master. In a corresponding position on the other 
side of the steps is Persico's sculpture, representing the Dis- 
covery of America. It descries Columbus holding in his 
hand a globe, and at his feet an Indian maiden crouching in 
fear and astonishment. Just above these, in the tympanum of 
the pediment, is an allegorical group of three female figures 
in alto-relievo, also by I'ersico, typical of the Genius of America. 
The central figure is America, who is represented as addressing 
Hope upon the left, and directing her attention to Justice, who 
stands at the right, holding the Constitution of the United 
States and the scales. This group is said to have been designed 
by John Quincy Adams. In the portico, to the right and left 



16 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

of the door entering" into the Rotunda, are Persico's statues of 
Mars and Ceres, and over the door is Campellano's bas-relief of 
Fame and Peace crowning a bust of Washington with wreaths 
of huirel. 

Jlach of the extensions has a portico with twenty-two cohinms, 
extending the entire width of the front, with a central projec- 
tion of ten feet four inches, forming a doublq, portico in the 
centre, of the same width as the gable. The great stair-wa^'S 
just mentioned lead up to and through these porticoes. 

The pediment over the flight of steps to the northern wing, 
or Senate entrance, contains a group by Thomas Crawford, in- 
dicating the progress of civilization in America. In the centre 
is a statue of America, and on her right are figures of a Sol- 
dier, Commerce, Youth and Education, a Mechanic, and a Sheaf 
of Wheat; on her left are a Pioneer and Hunter, and an Indian 
with his squaw and child, sitting by a filled grave A corre- 
sponding work of art will ultimately till a similar place in the 
front of the southern wing. 

BKONZE DOOR AT EAST ENTRANCE. 

The massive door opening from the main entrance on the 
eastern front into the Rotunda is of pure bronze, and was mod- 
eled in Rome, in 1858, by Randolph Rogers, and cast in Munich 
two years later bv von Muller. The work is seventeen feet 
high,^line feet wide, weighs 20,000 lbs., and cost S100,000. It 
is divided into eight panels, each one illustrating a scene in the 
life of Columbus. Beginning at the lower panel on tlie south 
division of the door and thence upward, the scenes portrayed 
are as follows: — 

Examination of Columbus before the Council of Salamanca 
regarding his theory of the globe. 

Departure of Columbus from a convent near Palos on his 
journey to the Court of Spain. 

Audience at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella. 

Departure of Columbus on his voyage of discovery. 

In the transom over the door is a panel representing Colum- 
bus's first landing at the Bahama Islands. 

Beginning at the upper panel on the north division of the 
door and thence downward, the following subjects appear: — 

Encounter of Columbus with the native islanders. 

Triumphal entry of Columbus into Barcelona. 

Columbus in chains. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 17 

Death-bed of Columbus. He died at Valladolid, Ma}' 20, 1506, 
aged 70. 

Surrounding the panels so as to form a double line down the 
centre when the door is closed, and single line on the outer sides, 
are statuettes, sixteen in all, representing distinguished con- 
temporaries of Columbus. At the centre of the arch above the 
door is a head of Columbus, and at the four corners are statuettes 
typical of Asia and Africa (at the top), Europe and America (at 
the bottom). In addition there is an elaborate running border, 
worthy of examination, in which there is a great variety of de- 
sign. 

THE WEST FRONT. 

This, like the east front, has a central projection and colon- 
nade, the corridors right and left from the main building and 
the wings at either end. It has no grand approaches by great 
flights of steps, but is entered from a double terrace, the lower 
level of which conducts to the sub-basement, and the upper to 
the basement story, from which a flight steps of leads directly 
into the Kotunda. It is designed to improve this front by a 
broad architectural terrace, faced with marble, preserving the 
architectural character of the main structure, and also with a 
grand staircase, serving as a direct foot approach from the city. 
When this is completed, the western front will be of much bet- 
ter proportions, and more imposing than the eastern. 

THE DOME. 

This magnificent fabric, rising over the centre of the whole 
edifice, was commenced in 185(5, and was designed by Thomas U. 
Walter. It occupies the place of the " old dome," a badlv pro- 
portioned affair of brick, stone, and wood, sheathed with copper, 
the total height of which, from ground to top, was only one 
hundred and fortj'-five feet. The present dome, semi-ellipsoidal 
in form, is built of cast-iron, weighs nearl}' 4,000 tons, is one 
hundred and thirty-five feet in exterior and ninety-seven feet 
in interior diameter, and rises to a height of two hundred and 
twenty-eight feet from the basement floor to the lantern, the 
latter being fifty-two feet high and seventeen feet in diameter. 
There are but three domes larger than this in the world, namely, 
St. Peter's in Rome, St. Paul's, London, and the Hotel des In- 
valides, Paris. 

THE STATl'E OF LIBEltTV, 

which surmounts the whole, is of bronze, measures more than 
2 



18 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

nineteen feet in height, weighs nearly seven tons, and was de- 
signed by Crawford. 

THE DIMENSIONS 

of the Capitol are as follows : The centre building is three hun- 
dred and fifty-two feet four inches long, and one hundred and 
twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico one hundred and 
sixty feet wide on the east side, and a projection of eighty-three 
feet on the west. The corridors connecting the north and south 
wings with the centre building are each forty-four feet long, and 
fifty-six feet eight inches wide. Each wing is one hundred 
and forty-two feet eight inches in length, and two hundred 
and thirty-eight feet ten inches in depth, exclusive of the por- 
ticoes and steps. The entire length of the building is seven 
hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and tJie total depth three 
hundred and twenty-four feet, or thirty-one feet longer than St. 
Peter's at Rome, and one hundred and sevent^'-five feet longer 
than St. Paul's at London. The height from the basement 
floor to the top of the bronze statue of Liberty on the dome is 
nearly three hundred feet. St. Peter's Church to the top of 
the lantern is one hundred and forty-five feet higher, and St. 
Paul's is seventy-three feet higher. The height of the interior 
of the dome from the floor of the Rotunda is one hundred and 
eighty feet. The ground covered by the Capitol is 153,112 square 
feet, or six hundred and fifty-two feet more than three and one 
half acres. 

THE PRINCIPAL STORY. 
THE ROTUNDA 

Is the great circular room ninet^'-six feet in diameter, occupying 
the centre of the building, which may be entered from either of 
the passage-ways leading from the two wings, through the mas- 
sive bronze door at the central portico on the east front, or 
through the natural entrance for the majority of people, by 
the flight of stairs leading up from the Avestern front. Imme- 
diately upon entering the eye is arrested by the large historical 
paintings, each eighteen feet by twelve, occupying the eight 
panels into which the Avail is divided by the Roman pilasters 
rising from the floor and sustaining an entablature decorated 
Avith olive leaves. The four pictures in the Avestern half of the 
hall Avere painted by Col. John Trumbull, an oflicer of the Con- 
tinental Army, who served on the staff of General Washington. 







•lOieo-* 



20 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

There is a special interest attached to these pictures on account 
of the artist, himself a Revolutionary patriot and the associate 
of man\' of his portrait subjects, and the portraits themselves, 
which for that reason are presumed to be correct. The pictures 
were painted under orders from Congress, given in 1817, at a 
cost of eight thousand dollars each. They represent, — 

The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. Prominent 
in this picture are the tigures of Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, 
Hancock, and Rutledge. 

The Surrender of Burgoyne, October, 1777. The event illus- 
trated occurred at Saratoga, and the principal actors portrayed 
are General Burgoyne, the English commander, in the act of ten- 
dering his sword to the American General Gates. 

The Surrender of Cornwallis, October, 1781. This event, 
■which terminated the war of the Revolution, occurred at York- 
town, Va. Among the prominent tigures are General Lincoln, 
who received the surrender on behalf of the American army, 
by direction of General Washington. General Rochambeau, the 
commander of the French troops serving with the Americans, 
and General O'Hara (one of CornAvaliis's staff) at the head of 
the English troops. 

The Resignation of "Washington as Commander-in-chief of the 
Army. The scene is in the State House at Annapolis, Mary- 
land, on the 23d of December, 1783. 

The remaining four pictures on the eastern side of the hall 
are illustrative of events connected with the early history of 
America. They are. — 

The Baptism of Pocahontas, Jamestowai, Va., 1613. John 
Gadsb}' Chapman, Artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at a 
cost of $10,000. 

The Discoverv of the Mississippi River, by De Soto, May, 1541. 
Artist. William H. Powell. Ordered by Congress in 1850, at a 
cost of $12,000. 

The Landing of Columbus, Bahama Islands, October, 1492. 
John Vanderlyn, Artist. Ordered by Congress in 1842, at a cost 
of $10,000. 

The Eml)arkation of the Pilgrims from Delft-TTaven, Holland, 
July, 1620. O. S. Weir, Artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, 
at a cost of $10,000. 

Hanging under each of the above is a diagram, in outline, 
with numbers, whereby the individuals in the picture may be 
identified. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 21 

Over the panels containing tlie pictures just named, and at 
equal distani;es between the several doors, are four portrait carv- 
ings in bas-relief, namely : In the Nortinvest Section, Sir Wal- 
ter Raleigh, the pioneer settler in America ; in the Southwest 
Section, Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of the New World ; 
in the Northeast Section, Cabot, the discoverer of the Northern 
Continent, and in the Southeast Section, La Salle, the explorer 
of the West. These were from the hands of Campellano and 
Caucici, Italian artists, and were ordered by Congress in 1827. 
There are also four sculptures in alto relievo over the several 
doors, by Campellano, Gavelot, and Caucici, ordered in 1826. 
They represent the Landing of the Pilgrims, east door; Poca- 
hontas saving the Life of Capt. John Smith, west door; Wil- 
liam Penn in Conference with Indians, north door ; Daniel 
Boone tighting with Indians, south door. Above these are pan- 
els which at some future day will doubtless be ornamented with 
sculpture, and colonnades supporting the great dome, which 
contracts to a diameter of sixty-live feet, through which may be 
seen, as if in the clouds, Brumidi's allegorical painting, in fresco, 
delineating a variety of subjects connected with the history and 
genius of America. The central group represents an ideal of 
Washington supported by Freedom and Victory. In the fore- 
ground the thirteen original States are personified by female 
figures, who form a crown and support a streamer with the 
national legend, E Pluribus Unum. On the other part of the 
dome, at points in a circle, are six clusters of figures represent- 
ing, The Fall of Tyranny, Agriculture, Mechanics, Commerce, 
The Marine, Arts, and Sciences. This work cost the govern- 
ment over S50,000. 

The method of lighting the Rotunda is interesting. By means 
of an apparatus, situated at the door opening toward the Senate, 
a current of electricity is passed from burner to burner, until 
the whole number, 1,300 in all, from the lowest to those in 
the lantern itself, are lighted. The time occupied is four 
minutes. 

Between the inner and outer shells of the dome there are 
stairs, affording easy access to all its parts ; and at proper in- 
tervals are galleries and windows, where the architectural details 
of the structure may be examined. The stairs lead finally to 
the top of the dome, which is 176 feet from the pavement, and 
the extended vicAv from this point well repays the labor of the 
ascent. Skirting the western and southern boundaries of the 



22 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

city are the Potomac River and its tributary, the " Eastern 
Branch." Directly westward, on the bank of the river, are the 
Arlington Heights, and beyond are Munson's Hill, and other 
places, made memorable by the events of the earlier period of 
the late war. To the southwest, the city of Alexandria can be 
plainh' seen. Directly south, on the opposite, bank of the Eastern 
Branch, is the Insane Asylum. To the north is the old Soldiers' 
Home, and in every direction is a magiiilicent view of the sur- 
rounding scenery, full of beauty and historic interest. The en- 
trance to the stair-way to the dome is in the passage-way on the 
left, going from the Rotunda to the Senate. 

NORTH OF THE ROTUNDA. 
THE SLTEEME COURT ROOM 

Is the first point of interest encountered in passing north from 
the Rotunda. It is semicircular in form, seventy-five feet long, 
forty-five feet high. The Ionic columns supporting the gallery 
at the rear are of Potomac marble. The busts placed at inter- 
vals around the apartment are portraits of former Cliief .Justices, 
namely, John Jay, John Rutledge. Oliver Ellsworth, and John 
Marshall. This room was formerly the Senate Chamber of the 
United States, and, like its companion apartment, the old Hall 
of Representatives, is rich in memories of the past. In strong 
contrast to the earlier and active historv of this ropm are the 
solemn deliberations of court days, so awe-inspiring to the aver- 
age visitor. The judges of the court are attired in black silk 
gowns, the Chief Justice presiding, in the centre, and on either 
side the Associate Justices. Opposite the Supreme Court room, 
across the corridor, is the Court of Claims room. Visitors are 
admitted at all times to both. 

THE SENATE CORRIDOR. 

Proceeding north from the Supreme Court room through the 
hall-way connecting the central edifice with the Senate wing, the 
corridor upon the east, south, and west sides of the Senate Cham- 
ber arrests the attention. Fsom the east and west sides magnifi- 
cent marble stair-ways lead to the galleries of the Senate. At the 
foot of the former is Powers's statue of Benjamin Franklin, made 
in 1862, under orders of Congress, and at the landing half way up 
the stair-way is a painting of ''• Perry's Victory on Lake Erie," hy 
Powell, purchased in 1873. The picture represents the Commo- 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 23' 

dore in the act of transferring his flag from his disabled flagship, 
the Lawrence., to another vessel. At the foot of the opposite 
stair-way (the western) is the statue of John Hancock, by Stone; 
and at the landing midwa}^ in the ascent, the painting of the 
" Storming of Chapultepec," by Walker, ordered in 18G1. The 
prominent figures are General Quitman in consultation with 
other officers, and General Shields, coatless and wounded. 

Opening from tlie corridor to the rear or north of the Senate 
Chamber, called more especially the Senate Lobby, is 

THE president's ROOM, 

Which is beautifully frescoed; on its walls are painted the por- 
traits of the first President and Cabinet; and on the ceiling illus- 
trations of the history of the country. This room is for the ac- 
commodation of the President, when he has occasion to visit the 
Senate, as is necessary at the close of every session, to sign the 
numerous bills hurried through at the last hours of legislation. 
Next to this room is 

THE senators' RETIRING-ROOM. 

The ceiling is of white marble, deeply paneled, supported by 
liighlv polished Italian marble columns ; the walls are of Ten- 
nessee marble, in which are set large plate-glass mirrors. Ad- 
joining this is 

THE vice president's ROOM, 

Richl}"^ frescoed and ornamented. On the wall is a large portrait 
of Washington by Rembrandt Peale. Next to these rooms, on 
the east, is 

the senate reception room, 

An elegant apartment with a double vaulted ceiling highly deco- 
rated in fresco and gold, and on the walls historical paintings in 
fresco, all executed by Brumidi in 1856 and 1857. East of this 
room is the 

the senate post office and room of the sergeant at 

ARMS. 

This room was originally intende'd for the Senate Library, and 
was appropriately decorated for that purpose but has alwaj's 
served for its present use. Adjoining this room is that of the 
Sergeant at Arms, and leading from the Senate Lobb}^ to the 
basement is a bronze staircase, Avell worthy of critical examina- 



24 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

tion, with figures of eagle?, deer, and ciipids with richly foliated 
iiitertwinings. 

BKONZE DOOR TO THE SENATE WING. 

Opening from the portico on the east front to the vestibule 
in the north or Senate wing is a bronze door fourteen feet six 
inches high and nine feet six inches wide. This is one of two 
doors for which orders were given to Mr. Crawford, it being the 
intention to have another similar to it in a corresponding place 
in the south wing. The death of the artist when the njodel for 
this door was incomplete frustrated that design, and for the 
finished work now in this door we are indebted to W. H. Rhine- 
hart, at the time an assistant to Crawford, who took up the work, 
and with the help of the original designs carried the models to 
completion. The door weighs 14,000 pounds, and was cast at 
the Ames Works, Chicopee, Mass. Total cost for models and 
casting about $55,000. 

The design is to illustrate Peace and War, which are typified 
in the foot panels, by historical events of the Revolutionary 
period. The right division of the door represents successively 
from the top downward. — 

Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of Warren, 1775. 

Battle of Monmouth, 1778, with Washington in the act of his 
famous rebuke of General Lee. 

Battle of Yorktown, 1781, with Hamilton capturing an earth- 
work. 

Upon the left division of the door, from the top downward, 
are represented, — 

Laying the Corner Stone of the Capitol, 1793. 

Inauguration of Washington as first President of the United 
States, 1789. 

Welcome of Washington at Trenton, 1789. 

Above the door are two marble female figures, representing 
Justice and History, reclining upon a globe. These are also by 
Crawford. 

SENATE COiMMITTEE ROOMS. 

Opening from the Senate corridors are some of the commit- 
tee rooms, but the finest of them are in the basement, which 
is reached b}' stair-ways under the grand staircases upon the 
east and west of the Senate Chamber. Among them are the 
rooms of the Committees on Military Affairs and Naval Affairs, 
with appropriate decorations in fresco ; Foreign Relations, with 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 25 

portraits in distemper of Clay, Allen. Cameron, and Sumner, 
former Chairmen of the Committee; the Indian Committee, 
which being originally intended for the Committee on Agricul- 
ture, was decorated accordingly. These are tiie most interesting, 
but there are others well worthy a visit. When the Committees 
are in session these rooms are closed, at other times a knock 
upon the door, or an application at the office of the Sergeant at 
Arms, will generally procure admission. 

THE SENATE CHAMBER, 

Located in the centre of the north wing, is of rectangular shape, 
one hundred and twelve feet long, eighty-two wide, and thirty- 
six high. Its walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed and 
gilded. The ceiling is almost entirely of cast-iron richly 
moulded, and in the centre is a large sky-light of stained glass, 
through which the chamber is lighted. The galleries will ac- 
commodate one thousand persons. The northern end is reserved 
for ladies, and the remainder is free to all, with the exception 
of that portion immediately over the presiding officer's chair, 
which is devoted exclusively to reporters for the press, and the 
section directly opposite for the sole accommodation of the mem- 
bers of the foreign legations. On the north side of the corridor 
which surrounds the Senate gallery, is an elegant dressing-room 
for the use of ladies, open at all times, under the care of a mat- 
ron employed by the Senate. 

The Senate is presided over by the Vice President of the 
United States, or, during his absence, by a Senator elected as 
President of the Senate. Immediately in front of the presiding 
officer's chair, on a lower level and to the right and left, are 
seats for the Sergeant at Amns and Doorkeeper, and at the desk 
in front for the Secretary of the Senate and the engrossing and 
enrolling clerks, and in front of these again, to the right and 
left, for the official reporters. Senators and privileged persons 
only are admitted to the floor of the Senate during the sessions, 
but at other times any one may enter. 

SOUTH OF THE ROTUNDA. 
NATIONAL STATUARY HALL. 

Passing out from the Rotunda by the south door the first 
apartment entered is the Old Hall of the House of Representa- 
tives. For thirty-two years prior to the completion of the pres- 




DIRECTORY OF THE SENATE. 

[Y.F., Vice President. S., Secretary. L,. C, Legiglatire Clerk. C. C, Chiiif Clerl: M.C., Minute 
Clerk. S., Sergeant at Arms. D., Doorkeeper and Assistants. R., Official lieporters.] 



S. J. R. McMillan, Minn. 
B. K. Bruce, Miss. 

F. T. FrelinRhuysen, N. J. 
S. Cameron, Penn. 

J. S. Morrill, Vt. 
H. B. Anthony, R. I. 

G. F. Edmunds, Vt. 
J. R. West, La. 

J. H. Mitchell, Oregon. 
J. J. Ingalls. Kansas. 
L. M. Morrill, Me. 

B. Wadleiffh, N. H. 
P. Clayton, Ark. 

J. L. Alcorn, Miss. 
P. W. Hitchcock, Neb. 
T. J. Robertson, S. C. 
W. A. Wallace, Pa. 
M. W. Ransom, N.C. 

C. W. Jones, Fla. 

S. B. Maxpv, Texas. 
G. R. Deniiis, Md. 
W. P. Wliyte, Md. 
F. M. Cockrell, Mo. 
R. E. Withers, Va. 
A. S. Merrimon, N. C. 



2«. H. G. Davis, W. Va. 

27. L. V. Bogy, Mo. 

28. S. B. Conover, Fla. 

29. A. A. Sargent, Cal. 

30. J. Sherman, Ohio. 

31. O. P. Morton, Ind. 

32. R. Conkling, N. Y. 
S3. H. Hamlin, Me. 
34. T. O. Howe, Wis. 

G. S. Boutwell, Mass. 
J. J. Patterson, S. C. 
W. Windom, Minn. 
T. W. Ferry, Mich. 

39. G. G. Wrig'ht, la. 

40. W. B. Allison, la. 

41. A. S. Paddock, Neb. 

42. A. E. Burnside, B. I. 
4.3. N. Booth, Cal. 

44. 

45. J. E. English. Conn. 

4C. I). M. Key, Tenn. 

47. W. Sharon, Nev. 

48. A. Cameron. Wis. 

49. F. Kern an, N. Y. 

50. R. J. Oglesby, 111. 



35. 



38. 



51. I. P. Christiancy, Mich. 

52. J. E. McDonald, Ind. 

53. J. P. Jones. Nev. 

54. M. C. Hamilton, Texas. 

55. H. L. Dawes, Mass. 
5(5. J. A. Logan, 111. 

57. S. W. Dorsey, Ark. 
.58. A. H. Cragin, N. H. 
.59. G. E. Spencer, Ala. 
CO. J. M. Harvey, Kansas. 

61. J. K. Kelley, Oregon. 

62. J. W. Stevenson, Kv. 
6.3. A. G. Thurman, Ohio. 

64. T. C. McCreerv, Ky. 

65. T. F. Bayard, bel. 

66. H. Cooper, Tenn. 

67. J. W. Johnston, Va. 

68. E. Saulsburv, Del. 

69. T. M. Norwood, Ga. 

70. J. B. Gordon, Ga. 

71. W.W.Eaton, Conn. 

72. A. T. Caperton, W. Va. 

73. G. Goldthwaite, Ala. 

74. T. F. Randolph, N. J. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 27 

ent Representatives Chamber tliis room was occupied for their 
sessions, and was set apart for its present use by act of Congress 
in 1864. The purpose of the plan is to have contributions from 
the several States, of statues, not exceeding two from each, of 
distinguished deceased citizens. The invitation has not, as yet, 
called forth a very generous response, but a beginning has been 
made, and the collection of sculpture and paintings already 
gathered here is as follows : — 

PORTRAITS. 

Gunning Bedford (panel), member of Constitutional Convention 

from Delaware, presented. 
Henry Clay, by John Neagle, life size, 1843. 
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, by Chester Harding. 
Joshua R. Giddings, by Miss Ransom. 
Abraham Lincoln (mosaic), presented by the artist, Sig. Salviati, 

of Venice. 

SCULPTURE. 

Roger Williams (marble), by Franklin Simmons, Rome, pre- 
sented by State of Rhode Island. 
Gen. Nathanael Greene (marble), by H. K. Brown, presented 

by State of Rhode Island. 
Jonathan Trumbull (marble), by C. B. Ives, presented by State 

of Connecticut. 
Roger Sherman (marble), by C B. Ives, presented by State of 

Connecticut. 
George Clinton (bronze), by H. K. Brown, presented by State of 

New York. 
Alexander Hamilton (marble), by Horatio Stone, 18G8. 
Abraham Lincoln (marble), by Miss Vinnie Ream, 18GG. 
II Penseroso (marble), by Mozier. 
Thomas Jefferson signing the Declaration of Independence 

(bronze), by David of Anglers, 1833, jiresented bv Capt. Uriah 

P. Levy. 
AVashington, 1788, plaster cast of Iloudin's bronze statue in the 

State House, Richmond, Va. 
Abraham Lincoln (nuirble), by Mrs. Ames. Bust. 
Kosciusko (marble), by H. D. Saunders. Bust. 
Thomas Crawford (marble), Scnli)tor. Bust. 

There are now in progress, by order of the State of New Jer- 
sey, statues of Richard Stockton and General Phil Kearney, and 



28 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

l)y order of the State of New York, a statue of Edward Living- 
ston. 

The Hall is semicircular in form, ninety-five feet long, and 
sixty feet high. 

The twenty-four massive Corinthian columns which support 
the entablature are of variegated Potomac marble, and cost 
$8,000 each. A colossal statue of Liberty, modeled in plaster 
by Caucici, stands over one entrance ; and beneath it is an 
American eagle, modeled from life, and cut in sandstone by 
Valaperti. Over the door is a clock, havi!ig for its dial the 
wheel of a winged car resting on a globe ; and in the car is a 
figure representing History, holding in her hand a scroll and a 
pen. These are all interesting relics, having been placed in 
their positions years ago when the House held its sessions here. 

THE CORUIDOH OF THK HOUSE OF REPIIESENTATIVES. 

Proceeding south from the National Statuary Hall, the cor- 
ridor of the House is entered from the passage connecting the 
central structure with the south wing. From the east and west 
sides grand stair-ways of marble conduct to the corridor above, 
from which the galleries of the House are entered. Opposite 
the foot of the east stair- wa}' is the .«tatue of Thomas Jefferson, 
by Powers, 18G3, and facing it on the first landing of the stairs 
is the heroic equestrian portrait of General Wintield Scott by 
Troy. On the west corridor, at the foot of the stair-way, is a 
bust in bronze, by La Salle, of a Chippewa brave, cast from a 
model taken from life. Opposite and above is Leutze's famous 
painting (recently restored), entitled " Westward the course of 
Empire takes its way." This, probably from the graphic nature 
and faithful treatment of the subject, commands more attention 
than any other work of art in the Capitol. The best effect is 
obtained by observing it from above. 

The west corridor of the upper or gallery floor is devoted to 
accommodations for the press, and a dressing-room conveniently 
arranged for ladies. 

In the corridor, to the rear or south of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, is the space commonly called the Lobby. From the 
south side of which, entering at the east end, is the 

ROOM OF THE SERGEANT AT ARMS. 

This is the office in which all the disbursements for the House 
expenses are made, and here the official mace is kept when the 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 29 

House is not in session. Adjoining this is an ante-room for the 
use of visitors, and next on the west is the 

KOOAI OF THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE. 

The ceiling is of iron, and the walls are richl}'' decorated with 
mirrors. There are also portraits hung about the room, in vari- 
ous styles of art, from common lithographs to oil paintings, of 
nearly all the Speakers of the House. At the west end of the 
lobby is the room of the Committee on Appropriations. 

THE HOUSE POST OFFICE 

Opens from the corridor on the east side of the hall. 

THE COMMITTEE KOOMS OF THE HOUSE 

Open from the main and gallery corridors, and many of them 
are Avorth a visit, especially those of the Committees on Foreign 
Relations, Public Lands, Territories, Military and Naval Affairs, 
and Agriculture. The latter is particularly attractive. On the 
arched ceiling are represented the Four Seasons; and on one 
wall is a beautiful picture of Cincinnatus, called from the plow 
to the dictatorship of Kome; while opposite is a companion 
painting, representing Israel Putnam, called from a like occu- 
pation, to the battle-tield of Lexington ; on the other two walls 
are portraits of Washington and Jefferson, and illustrations of 
the ancient and modern modes of reaping. 

THE LIUKAKY OF THE HOUSE 

Is in a room in the gallery over the House, and contains all the 
Congressional records, a large number of la,w books, and other 
publications useful to Members of Congress in debate. It is 
exclusively for the use of members. 

DIRECTORY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
Wi:ST SIDE. 

1. Laurin D. Woodworth. 11. William E. Smith. 

2. Lafayette Lane. 12. Simeon B. Chittenden. 

3. Johii K. Luttrell. 13. John B. Packer. 

4. Peter D. Wigginton. 14. Lawrence T. NeaL 

5. Alexander S. Wallace. 15. James Wilson. 

6. William A. Piper. 16. William J. OBricn. 

7. Horace F. Page. 17. Lucius Q. C. Lamar. 

8. George W. Hendee. 18. Nathaniel P. Banks. 

9. Adlai E. Stevenson. 19. Ezekiel Sampson. 
10. Greenbury L. Fort. 20. Omar D. Conger. 



30 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



21. James W. McDill. 



22. 


William P. Frye. 


81. 


23. 


Miles Ross. 


82. 


24. 


James Monroe. 


83. 


26. 


Allen Potter. 


84. 


26. 


John II. Baker. 


85. 


27. 


Smith Ely, Jr. 


86. 


28. 


Hiram S. Stevens. 


87. 


29. 


Clinton D. MacDougall. 


88. 


30. 


Henry 0. Pratt. 


89. 


31. 


Allan Wood, Jr. 


90. 


32. 


Nathan B. Bradley. 


91. 


33. 


Josiah T. Walls. 


92. 


34. 


John R. Lynch. 


93. 


35. 


Henry Waldron. 


94. 


36. 


Elias SV. Leavenworth. 


95. 


37. 


Lyman K. Bass. 


96. 


33. 


Alanson M. Kimball. 


97. 


39. 


Henry S. Magoon. 


98. 


40. 


Henry H. Starkweather. 


99. 


41. 


Eugene Hale. 


100. 


42. 


William D. Kelley. 


101. 


43. 


George F. Hoar. 


102. 


44. 


Chester B. Darrall. 


103. 


45. 


Archibald xM. Bliss. 


104. 


46. 


John 0. Whitehouse. 


105. 


47. 


Edmund W. M. Mackey. 


106. 


48. 


Milton J. Durham. 


107. 


49. 


William H. Stone. 


108. 


50. 


Mark H. Bunnell. 


109. 


51. 


Benjamin W. Harris. 


110. 


52. 


Henry II. Hathorn. 


111. 


53. 


Thomas C Piatt. 


112. 


54. 


William H. Baker. 


113. 


55. 


Horace B. Strait. 


114. 


56. 


William S. King 


115. 


57. 


Andrew Williams. 


116. 


58. 


John Q. Tufts. 


117. 


59. 


Addison Oliver. 


118. 


60. 


James Gr. Blaine. 


119. 


61. 


Martin I. Towfisend. 


120. 


62. 


Morton C. Hunter. 


121. 


63. 


Harris M. Plaisted. 


122. 


64. 


Julius II. Seelye. 


123. 


65. 


William A. Wheeler. 


124. 


66. 


James A. Garfield. 


125. 


67. 


William H. H. Stowell. 


126. 


68. 


William Lawrence. 


127. 


09. 


John K. Goodin. 


128. 


70. 


Levi A. Mackey. 


129. 


71. 




130. 


72. 


John A. Ilyman. 


131. 


73. 


William Woodburn. 


132. 


74. 


Charles II. Morgan. 


133. 


75. 


Samuel A. Dobbins. 


184. 


76. 


Joseph II. Rainey. 


135. 


77. 


Elbridge G. Lapham. 


136. 


78. 


Winthrop W. Kctcham. 


137. 


79. 


Jacob M. Thornburgh. 


138. 



Richard H. Whiting. 
Chapman Freeman. 
William W. Crapo. 
Charles G. Williams. 
George G. Iloskins. 
Thomas J. Henderson. 
Charles H. Joyce. 
Charles B. Farwell. 
Benjamin T. Eames. 
William R. Brown. 
Samuel D. Burchard. 
Stephen B. Elkins. 
Thomas J. Cason, 
Thomas W. Bennett. 
Edward Y. Parsons. 
Franklin Landers. 
G. Wiley Wells. 
Robert Smalls. 
William J. Purman. 
John M. Davy. 
31ilton S. Robinson. 
George W. McCrary. 
Jeremiah M. Rusk. 
Orange Jacobs. 
John D. White. 
Nelson H. Van Vorhes. 
George A. Bagley. 
Samuel F. Miller. 
Rufus S. Frost. 
Nelson I. Norton. 
William A. Phillips. 
George Willard. 
Charles O'Neill. 
Frank Morey. 
Joseph G. Cannon. 
John A. Kasson. 
Washington Townscnd. 
Jere Haralson. 
George M. Landers. 
George Q. Cannon. 
William H. Barnum. 
Henry R. Harris. 

William S. Ilavmond. 
William W. Wilshire. 
John II. Bagley, Jr. 
Dudley C. Denison. 
J A. Hubbell. 
James L. Evans. 
William B. Williams. 
Clement II. Sinnickson. 
John II. Burleigh. 
Charles H. Adams. 
A. Herr Smith. 
Lucien B. Caswell. 
Charles E. Nash. 

Solomon L. Iloge. 
Stephen A. llurlbut. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



31 



139. Charles Hays. 

140. Lorenzo Dauford. 

141. Lorenzo Crounse. 

142. Latimer W. Eallou. 

143. Henry \V. Blair. 

144. John \V. Wallace. 

145. Alexander Campbell. 



146. AVilliam P. Lynde. 

147. Lucien L. Ainaworth. 

148. Henry B. Payne. 

149. Charles Foster. 

150. Henry L. Pierce. 

151. John Hancock. 



KAST SIDE. 



Abraham S. Hewitt. 
N. Holmes Odell. 
John G. Schumaker. 
William P. Caldwell. 
Robert B. Vance. 
Hiester Clymer. 
John M. Bright. 
Samuel S. Cox. 
William S. Holman. 
James H. Blount. 
Charles W. Milliken. 
Benjamin A. Willis. 
Henry B. Banning. 
Jacob P. Cowan. 
Jeremiah N. Williams. 
Charles P. Thompson. 
George A. Jenks. 
J. Proctor Knott. 
John B. Clark, Jr. 
John F. Philips. 
Chester W. Chapin. 
Samuel J. Randall. 
Carter H. Harrison. 
Julian Harti-idge. 
Philip Cook. 
Milton A. Candler. 
Elijah Ward. 
William W. Warren. 
Eppa Ilunton. 
William F. Siemens. 
Thomas Swann. 
William Walsh. 
Alexander G. Cochrane. 
William M. Robbins. 
Alfred M. Waddell. 
Andrew H. Hamilton. 
John M. Glover. 
John C. Bagby. 
George C. Cabell. 
James Williams. 
Lucien C. Cause. 
Thomas M. Gunter. 
Beverly B. Douglas. 
Joseph Powell. 
John T. Harris. 
Erastus Wells. 
Augustus W. (Sutler. 
Francis D. Collins. 
William S. Stengcr. 



67. 



Jacob Turney. 
John A. McMahon. 
Earley F. Poppleton. 
Alpheus S. Williams. 
Henry B. Metcalfe. 
William McFarland. 
James B. Reilly. 
Joseph J. Davis. 
William Terry. 
John Young Brown. 
Jesse J. Yeates. 
Rezin A. De Bolt. 
George H. Durand. 
Milton I. Southard. 
James Sheakley. 
Fernando Wood. 
Richard P. Bland. 
Robert A. Hatcher. 
Elijah J. Henkle. 
Philip F. Thomas. 
Charles B. Roberts. 
Thomas S. Ashe. 
John F. House. 
Alfred M. Scales. 
•Joseph C. S. Blackburn. 
Jephtha D. New. 
William R. Morrison. 
Scott Wike. 
William A. J . Sparks. 
Washington C Whitthor 
George W. Catc. 
Charles J. Faulkner. 
Gilbert C. Walker. 
Fi'ank Jones. 
John R. Eden. 
William Mutchler. 
John IL Caldwell. 
Alexander 11. Stephens. 
Jacob M. Thornburgh. 
Albert G. Egbert. 
Charles E Hooker. 
Otho R. Singleton. 
William R. Steele. 
Martin Maginnis. 
Scott Lord. 
E. John Ellis. 
Randall L. Gibson. 
H. Casey Young. 
John D. C. Atkins. 



32 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



99. 
100. 
101. 
102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 
109. 
110. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
117. 
118. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122 
123! 
124. 
125. 



Andrew R. Boone. 
John R. Tucker. 
John L. Vance. 
Frank H. Hurd. 
George G. Dibrell. 
Roger Q. Mills. 
George M. Beebe. 
Edwin R. Meade. 
William M. Levy. 
Frank Hereford. 
Thomas L. Jones. 
John B. Clarke. 
Levi Maish. 
Taul Bradford. 
Goldsmith W. Hewitt, 
Gustave Schleicher. 
David Rea. 
Frederick H. Teese. 
Robert Hamilton. 
James D. Williams. 
John H. Reagan. 
Edward C. Kehr. 
Benjamin J. Franklin. 
Ansel T. Walling. 
Miles Ro.^s. 
James Phelps. 
Hernando D. Money. 



126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 
142. 
143. 
144. 
145. 
146. 
147. 
148. 
149. 
150. 
151. 



Americus V. Rice. 
Milton Sayler. 
James H. Hopkins. 
William H. Felton. 
Benjamin H. Hill. 
John K. Tarbox. 
John S. Savage. 
William B. Anderson. 
Charles C B. \Valker. 
Samuel N. Bell. 
Samuel D. Burchard. 
Bernard G. Caulfield. 
William H. Forney. 
Burwell B. Lewis. 
John Goode, Jr. 
David B. Culberson. 
Jefferson P. Kidder. 
Thomas M. Patterson. 
John Reilly. 
Edward Y. Parsons. 
William Hartzell. 
Aylett II. Buckner. 
Benoni S. Fuller. 
John Bobbins. 
Benjamin Wilson. 
Aug. A. Ilardenbergh. 



THE HALL OF THE HOUSE OF KErRESENTATIVES 

Is 139 feet long, 93 feet Avicle, and 3G feet high. The gallery, 
running entirely around the hall, will accommodate 2,400 per- 
sons ; a portion, directly above the Speaker's chair, is set apart 
exclusively for the press reportei*s, and immediatel}- adjoining 
are the seats reserved for the diplomatic corps. The remainder 
of the gallery is open to the public, a large portion being re- 
served for ladies. In front of the Speaker's chair, and facing 
the members, are seats for the clerks of the House, and imme- 
diately in front of them sit the official reporters for the govern- 
ment. There are seats upon the floor for 302 membei-s, all of 
which are occupied. The ceiling of the hall is of iron (as is 
much of the ornamental work about the walls), and is supported 
by trusses from the roof. The stained glass panels in tiie ceiling 
each represent the coat of arms of a State. At night the illumi- 
nation is b}' 1,500 gas jets, ignited by electricity, the light shin- 
ing through these panels. Against the wall, east of the Speak- 
er's chair, is a full length portrait of Washington, ]iainted by 
Vaiulerlyn in 1834, and a companion to it on the west side is a 
full length portrait of Lafayette, presented by himself, and es- 
pecially valual)le as being one of the few portraits jiaiiited by 
Arv Scheffer (1822). 




«=n 



34 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

Privileged persons only aiv admitted to the floor of the House 
during session. At other times it is open to all. 

THE LIBHAKY OF CONGRESS. 

This is one of the most interesting features of the Capitol, and 
is located in the western projection of the centre building. The 
law department of the Library is in the basement, underneath 
the Supreme Court Room. 

The Library has suffered greatly from tire, having been en- 
tirely destro^'ed by the British in 1814, and losing 40,000 volumes 
i)y an accidental tire in the winter of 1851. To guard against 
the recurrence of such calamities, the present rooms when re- 
constructed, were built entirely of iron, making it the only tire- 
proof library in the world, the main room being completed in 
1853, and the wings in 1807. The volumes and p.imphlets in 
the Library now number nearly 320,000, the collection having 
been enriched by the donation and purchase of many rare pri- 
vate collections, one of the most important being that of Peter 
Force, ex-mayor of Washington, whose labors for many yeaTs 
had secured the mo><t valuable collection of books on state affairs 
in the country. The number of books is being constantly aug- 
mented in accordance with a law lately passed by Congress, 
which provides that two copies of the best edition of every book 
published in the United States shall be deposited here, and at 
such deposit a certificate copyright is furnished. The provi- 
sions of this law alone add several thousand volumes yearly, 
and it is already the largest library in the United States, ihe 
volumes are all catalogued and arranged by subjects, so that 
any volume can be found in a moment. Although any one is 
allowed to examine the books, none are permitted to be taken 
away except by the President of the United States, the Vice 
President, members of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
judges of the Supreme Court, cabinet officers, the diplomatic 
corps, Secretary of the Senate, Clerk of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, and agent of the Joint Committee on the Library. 

JiASE3IENT. 

Standing at the north or south entrance door on the ground 
flour one can look down the corridor the whole length of the 
building, and see, at the « ther end, the opposite entrance door, 
nearly eight liundred feet distant. Under the Senate Chamber 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 35 

the walls of the corridor are exquisitely ornaiuented in fresco 
and distemper, illustratin-,^ the ncatural history of America, also 
with portraits of distinguished Americans. At the east end of 
the north corridor is a portrait of Robert Fulton. Some of the 
committee rooms on this floor (already referred to as Senate 
Committee Rooms) arc beautiful. The thirty monolithic fluted 
columns of white marble supporting the cast-iron paneled ceil- 
ing of the corridor, are worthy of attention with their capitals 
of foliated tobacco Leaves and btids, and an observation of the 
many heavy columns of this floor convey an idea of the massive 
cluiracter of the building. The rooms of the Court of Claims, 
the Commissioner of I'ublic Buildings and Grottnds, the Senate 
Carpenter Shop, the Library Store Room, the office of the Cap- 
tain of Capitol Police, and Congressional Folding Rooms, Law 
Library, and Ollicial Telegraiih, are all located on this floor. 

Ill the south wing of the basement there is not much of im- 
portance to notice beyond the Hotise C-Miimlttee Rooms already 
referred to. Common to both wings, lor the use of the mem- 
bers of the Senate and House, are commodious bath-rooms ; also 
in either wing are 

KESTArUANTS, 

Which are maintained for the accommodation of officials and the 
public during the sessions of Congress. The sale of intoxicating 
li([Uors is prohibited. 

TIIK CUYI'T AND THE TOMB. 

In the centre, immediately tinder and supporting the Rotunda, 
is a circular colonnade, three deep, of heav}' Doric columns, 
forty in all. The star in the centre of the floor indicates the pre- 
cise centre of the building. Under the Crj'pt is the Tomb. 
This term probably came into use from the proposition at one 
time seriously considered, but long since dropped, to place the 
remains of Washington here. Quite appropriate would be the 
resting-place for the sacred dust, Init the instructions in his will 
were so explicit upon the i>()int. tl at it were disrespect to violate 
them, even in the laudalile jmrpose of honoring his memorv. 
The Crypt at present contains two pieces of statuary, namely, 
Oving Teciimsch and Lidaski, while the Tomb has only the 
catafahfue upon which the remains of President Lincoln and 
others have lain in stale. 



36 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

THE HKATIXG AND VENTILATIKG APPARATUS 

Is under each wing. The machinery is ver}'^ complete, and kept 
in beautiful condition. During the Cdld weather, heated air is 
forced up the flues into ever}'^ part of the building hy immense 
revolving fans; during the warm season, cold air is sent up: 
thus at all times the temperature can be controlled, and a free 
circulation of air obtained. This is a portion of the building 
not often visited but should not be omitted. 

THE CAPITOL POLICE 

Are ever ready to extend civilities to strangers in showing them 
about the building. 

Questions to the officers of police are readily answered, and 
an occasional inquiry is much more convenient and satisfactory 
to visitors than a labyrinthine description of how to find the 
entrances to out-of-the-way places. The places of interest are 
all stated here and a general indication of the part of the build- 
ing each is in. For further information consult the officers eni- 
plo3'ed by the government to furnish it to the people. 

THE EXECUTIVE MANSION 

Fronts Pennsylvania Avenue, between Fifteenth and Seventeenth 
Sts., a little over one mile west of the Capitol. The building 
was commenced in 1792; was modeled after the palace of the 
Duke of Leinster; is one hundred and seventy feet front and 
eighty-six deep, and is built of freestone, painted white. Dur- 
ing the war with Great Britain, August 24, 1814, it was de- 
stroyed with fire, by British troops, and James Madison, who 
was then President, was compelled to fly with his family for 
safety. The main entrance door opens into a grand vestibule, 
with a glass partition, a beautifully frescoed ceiling, and oil 
paintings upon the walls, of Washington b}' Stuart, Adams, Van 
Buren, Tyler, I'olk, Fillmore, and Pierce, by Healy, and Lin- 
coln, by Cogswell. The East Room, open daily, except Sundays, 
from 10 A. M. to 3 p. m., which is used as the grand recejjtion 
room, covers tlie entire depth of the eastern end of the build- 
ing, and is eighty feet long, fort}' wide, and twenty high. The 
Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room, conned ing with each 
otlier, and opening to the west from the East Room, are also 
used on certain public occasions, and receive tlieir peculiar 
names from the color of the walls and furniture. Opening west 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 37 

from the KlhI llooiu is tke State Dining- Room, an elegant apart- 
ment. Ill the western end of the house are accommodations for 
ihe i're.sident's family; and leading out from this end is tiie 
Coiiservatorv, open at day receptions, containing a great vari- 
ety of rare phmts. On the second floor, at tlie eastern end, are 
located the public offices of the President and his private secre- 
retaries. The grounds around the building, eighty acres in 
extent, are neatly kept, and during the favorable seasons pre- 
sent a beautiful appearance. Concerts by the Marine Band are 
given in the grounds south of the mansion every Saturday 
afternoon during the summer months, and always attract a gay 
assemblage. (See Official Etiqukitk.) 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

Pennsylvania Avenue and 15th St., east of the p:xecutive 
INIansion. Visitors admitted daily, except Sunday, from !» a. m, 
to 2 p. M. 

The harmonious architecture, massiveness, and surroundings 
of this building, especially when viewed on the west side, are 
extremely imposing, the dimensions being : length, four hundred 
and sixty-five feet; width, two hundred and sixty-six feet. The 
larger portion is built of granite, from Uix Island quarries On 
the north front, in the centre of the pavement, is a beautiful 
fountain, built of granite, and on the western front is another, 
having its basin of the same material. 

The interior of the building is no less gratifying to the be- 
holder, and is admirably suited to the uses intended. With the 
exception of the centre, or older portion of the building, the 
rooms are large, commodious, airy, well lighted and furnished. 
The officers connected with the Treasury Department are, the 
Secretary, or head of the Department; First and Second Comp- 
trollers, and a Comptroller of the Currency; a Commissioner of 
Customs, Commissioner of Uevenue, and Commissioner of In- 
ternal Revenue; six Auditors, Treasurer, Register, and Solicitor, 
and the officers in charge of the Light house Board and Coast 
Survey. There are also a Director in charge of Statistics, a 
Supervising Architect, and a Superintendent of the building. 
'I'lie office of the Second Auditor is in Winder's Building, oppo- 
site the Navy Department; and that of the Sixth Auditor in the 
building of the Post ODice Department. 

With a written order from the Secretary, and under the direc- 
tion of the Superintendent, the visitor can be admitted to the 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 39 

Printing Division of the National Currency Bureau. Heretofore, 
nil liiL' notps and bonds of the United ^States have been manu- 
lacturt'd in re, and the process is exceedingly novel and interest- 
ing. At present one side is printed b}-^ the (,'ulunibian Bank Note 
Company. The ponderous hydraulic presses, the delicate cut- 
ting and counting machines, the manufacture of paper and envel- 
ope-, the printing of the notes, and the intricate processes they 
are compelled to pursue, in course of manufacture, all present a 
busy and interesting scene. From a visit to the [>oaii Bureau, 
Redemption Division, (Jash-rooms, and vaults of the Treasurer's 
OtHce, the visitor obtains some idea of the tinancial operations 
of the government. The redemption and mutilation, and the 
counting of the United States currency is, in these offices, an 
interesting proceeding. 

The Cash-room itself is magnilicent. Its walls are con- 
structed of Sienna, Italian, and Pyrenean marble, with col- 
umns of white Tennessee ana Carrara marble. In combination 
with these are the red and dove-colored Tennessee. The floor 
is laid with white and red marble. From the ceilings hang 
gorgeous chandeliers. The furniture is of solid mahogany, and 
to secure the counters from outside intrusion, they are sur- 
mounted with a partition of heavy plate glass. 

Photography is applied to man\' uses in connection with the 
business of the Treasury, and is acconnnodated with a separate 
building south of the main structure. I he C'oast Survev, also a 
portion of the Treasury, has offices in another part of the cily. 
(See Coast Suuvey.) 

NEW BUILDING FOR STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPART- 
MENTS. 
To the west of the Executive Mansion is now being erected the 
magnilicent building which is to accommodate the State, War, 
and Navy Departments It will be an imposing structure with 
four fronts and it is ex|)ecte(l will surpass all other buildings in 
Washington except the Capitol. The material is granite from Dix 
island, Me., and Kichmond, Va. The diniensions from the outer 
lines of the porticoes and steps will be 5G0 feet in length by 345 
feet in widti\. The height will be 128 feet. A small portion of 
this building is already occupied. 

THE WAR DEPARTMENT 
Occupies the building on the we>t side of the Executive Mansion, 



40 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

and fronts Pennsylvania Avenue. Tlie present edifice is in- 
significant and time-worn in its appearance, but will shortly 
give place to an imposing structure, which has been commenced 
on the site already referred to. 

The War Department is under the supervision of the Secre- 
tary of War, assisted by the Adjutant General, Quartermaster 
General, Commissary General, Pay master General, Surgeon Gen- 
eral, and chiefs of the Bureaus of Kngineers, Ordnance, Sig- 
nal Service, and Military Justice. Tlie most of these bureaus 
iiave their offices in the department building proper, but this 
being inadequate, some are located in adjacent buildings hired 
for the purpose. (See Winder's Building and Aujiy Medi- 
cal Museum.) 

Under the direction of the Signal Office, the useful and re- 
markably-accurate meteorological reports for the benefit of the 
public are daily made and published. The office of the chief 
signal officer is at present located in two houses on G Street, 
very near the department building. It is here that the weather 
reports are daily received by telegraph, from tlie observers 
stationed in different sections of the country. The numerous 
instruments in use are exceedingly delicate and accurate, being 
of the most improved patterns, and may be seen in the rooms 
upon the upper floor. 

THE NAVY DEPARTMENT 
Occupies the building a little soutli of, and similar in appearance 
to, the War Department edifice. The building already com- 
menced and previously referred to will cover the site of the 
present Navy Department, and the south wing of it will be occu- 
pied by the latter department. The Secretary of the Navy, 
and the officers in charge of the several bureaus, namely. Ord- 
nance, Equipment and Recruiting, Yards and Docks, Naviga- 
tion, Medicine and Surgery, Provisions and Clothing, Steam 
Engineering, and Construction and Repair, have their offices in 
this building and in Winder's Building opposite. One of the 
most interesting brandies of the department is. 

THE NAVAL OBSERVATORY 
Occupying buildings erected especially for it on the south side 
of E Street between 23d and 25th Sts. Take Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue cars to Wasliington circle at 23d St. The chronometers 
and compasses of the navy not in service are kept here, and as- 



CITY OF WASIUXGTOX. 41 

tronomioal observations are made to an important extent. As 
may be conjeetured, tliere are many objects of rare interest to 
be seen here; and all the instrnments and appurtenances are of 
the liiiest and most valuable kind. Tiie elevated site on which 
tiie Observatory stands, before the country became settled, was 
the camp of a tribe of Indians, to whom all the territory in this 
rej^iou belonged, and who are thus described by Captain John 
Smith: "Such great and Avell-proportioned men are seldom 
seen; for they seem like giants to the English — yea, and to 
tiieir neighbors ; yet seemed of an honest and simple disposi- 
tion, and with much ado restrained from adoring us as God." 
Many strange legends are connected with this spot. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

At present occupies a building belonging to the Protestant Or- 
phan Asylum of Washington. The building is located on 
I4tii St., and is temporarily occupied by the Department un- 
til the completion of the building mentioned in connection with 
the War and Navy departments. It was in this building that 
the Joint High Commission held its sessions in the spring of 1871, 
and framed the Treat\^ of Washington as a basis for the set- 
tlement of the existing points of difference between the gov- 
ernment and Great Britain. All the passports necessary for 
American citizens traveling abroad are issued here ; also par- 
dons by the President of convicted offenders against United 
States laws. The library of the department contains a remark- 
able collection of curious state papers. 

THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 

Is located on the square bounded by 7tli and 8th, and E and 
F Sts., about half way between the Capitol and Executive 
Mansion, and three squares north of Pennsylvania Avenue. 
This is the site of the lirst Post Oflice, which was burnt in De- 
cember, 1836. The present building is one of the finest struct- 
ures in Washington. The architecture is Corinthian, and mate- 
rial white marble, which gives a beautiful and imposing effect. 
It has a front extending two hundred and four feet on E St., 
north, with wings of three hundred feet on 7th and 8th Sts. 

In the archway of the entrance for the mail-wagons, on the 
8th St. side, is a well-executed piece of sculpture, representing 
the uses of steam and electricity. The Dead-letter Olfice is a 



|ililtBilil!IIII1ili«IM 



''.igllE'l;! 




CITY OF WASHINGTON. 4.'J 

bureau of the department well worth a visit, where all the iiii- 
mailable and misdirected letters from the many thousand ])ost 
olhces throughout tiie country are sent and opened Letters, 
of which the names and addresses of the writers can be ascer- 
tained, are returned. Those not returnable, containini;' photo- 
graphs or anything of value, are tiled, and those witl)out in- 
closures are destroyed. 

THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT 

Is located in the Patent Olbce Building. This magnificent 
structure, the object of which is so closely connected with 
mechanical and social progress, is in all respects admirably 
adapted to its purpose. The principal front, with its splendid 
poriico, looks down 8th St. The grand entrance, which is ap- 
proached by a granite stair-way, opens into a spacious hall, from 
which a twofold flight of marble steps conducts to the fine 
galleries above; the centre portion of the building is applied to 
the purposes of the Patent OiKce. The east wn'ng gives accom- 
modation to the Secretary of the Interior and his assistants, 
together with the Commissioner of Patents and his staff, on the 
ground floor. In other parts of the building are the rooms of 
the General Land Othce and Indian Bureau. One sidendid 
saloon, designated the National Gallery, constitutes the second 
floor, where are deposited apparently innumerable models of 
patents, but which are really so classified and arranged as to 
be easily found; curiosities and mementos of national historN^, 
specimens of home manufacture, aiul other objects of interest 
are also exhibited. A fourfold range of columns, of massive 
Doric architecture, rising to the height of twenty feet, from 
which spring a series of arched, ceilings ten feet higher, give 
a grand effect to this elegant apartment. The fine cylindrical 
arch, rising superior to the others, and admitting light from 
above by its central aperture of thirteen feet diameter, is the 
crowning feature of the hall. The other halls on the same level 
are efpially magnificent, and correspond with that already de- 
scribed. 

At the present time especial interest will be felt in the many 
objects of historic interest stored here, although during the In- 
ternational Exhibition manv of them will be removed to Phila- 
delphia. Until recently Franklin's printing-jtress was exhibited 
iiere, but it having been claimed by a private citizen, and his 
claim recognized as valid, it has been removed. One of the 



44 CITY OF WASHINGTON 

cases contains many relics of Washington; among other things, 
the uniform he wore when resigning his commission, his camp 
chest, tent, pieces of furniture, and many other articles. There 
are also the original Declaration of Independence, Washing- 
ton's commission as Commander-in chief, the coat worn by 
General Jackson at the battle of New Orleans, with many other 
relics and trophies, all of which are plainly labeled for the 
information of visitors. 

The Bureau of lulucation and the Census Bureau are on G 
St., corner of 8th, opposite the northeast corner of this building. 
This department also leases, for the use of the Pension Bureau, 
the Scaton House, lately used as a hotel, on Louisiana Avenue, 
between Gth and 7th Sts. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF JlTSTICE 

Is presided over by tlie Attorney General of the United States, 
and is accommodated in the south wing of the Treasury Depart- 
ment Building. It is the duty of tiie head of this department 
to prosecute and conduct all cases for the government appearing 
before the Supreme Court; and to render an opinion upon all 
legal points referred to him by the executive otiicers of the na- 
tional government. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

Occupies the building in the Mall, a short distance south of 
Pennsvlvania Avenue and between 12th and 14th Sts. This 
commanding, commodious, and conveniently arranged building 
was completed in 1868, and already the Department has proved 
itself exceedingly valuable to the agricultural interests of the 
countrv. The Ijeauty of its, grounds and surroundings are 
equally attractive to the simply curious visitor as to the farmer, 
to the admirer of the beautiful as to the botanist. 

The front grounds arc tastefully terraced, next the building 
is an osplTxnade with a carriage drive of fifty feet in Avidth and in 
length e(iual to the building: in front of this is a terrace known 
as the upper garden, which is laid out in walks and beds of 
flowers, and adorned with statuary and vases ; in front of this 
again, and tilling all the space save that of the if(.wer <:arden, is 
an arboretum for the growth of hardy trees and shrubs through 
which walks and drives are deftly arranged. So skillfully has 
all this been planned that while the ordinary visitor simply ad- 
mires the landscape gardening, (he scientist iinds all the plants 



•"';;:/.irniiiiiiii;ill!ilih!!!iii:i.|i 




^■'''''i''''i''iliii!iiii!iSii|iliii!llliJ 



46 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

and trees classified into families and orders upon accurate botan- 
ical principles. 

At the rear of the building are the Experimental Grounds, 
covering several acres for gardening, fruit growing, and, by 
means of artificial swamps, the cultivation of water plants. 

Within the building there are on the first fioor, the oflices of the 
commissioner and clerks, rooms for the scientific investigations 
of the department in chemistry and microscopy, and the library 
of 8,000 volumes. On the second fioor is the Museum of Agri- 
culture, illustrating the agricultural products of the country, 
tlu'ir history, relations to the animal kingdom, with many other 
things of practical import which the attendants will explain. 
On the third floor is the Botanical Museum, Avith a very large 
and ever-increasing num'»er of specimens. 

Extending west as a prolongation of the main building, and 
including a wing extending south, are the Plant Houses, of which 
sections are assigned to tropical and semi-tropical fruits and 
plants, and a graper}^, with sundi-y divisions for miscellaneous 
plants. 

This department, always interesting, is especially so at the 
seasons of the year when the gorgeous flower beds are blooming. 

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 

The fine grounds and building of this Institution are in the 
Mall or Governmeiit Reservation No. 2, facing Pennsylvania 
Avenue and opposite South 10th St., west. The surrounding 
grounds directly attached to the building cover twenty acres, 
and with, the remainder of the reservation, are uiuler Congres- 
sional control. The great landscape gardener, Andrew .1. Down- 
ing, had much to do with tiie plans upon which the grounds were 
laid out, and was engaged upon this work at the time of his 
death. Therefore it was eminently fitting that the American 
Pomological Society should select this as the place to erect a 
tribute to his memory. At the north of the east wing of the 
building is a vase of Italian marble designed by Calvert Vaux, 
and executed by I>aunitz, which bears the name of the honored 
dead, the date of his death, and an inscription in his memory. 

The building is a substantial structure of red sandstone, in- 
intended to be fire-proof throughout. In architecture it is of the 
Lombardiim order, has nine towers, one of the two on the north 
side being one hundred and fifty feet high. It iuis a central or 
main building, with wings extending from either end, east and 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 47 

west respect ivL'Iy. The extreme length is four hundred and 
forty-seven feet, nnd the width of the main l)uil(lin!j; at the 
Widest part is one linndred and sixty feet. 

Tiie founder of tliis Institution was dames Smithson, an Eng- 
lish gentleman, son of the first Duke of Northumberland, a native 
of London, and a graduate of Oxford, who died in Italy in 1828. 
He was a scientitie man of high attaimnents, and spent his entire 
life in the close pursuit of his favorite studies, especially chemis- 
trv and geology. At ids death he becpieathed a life interest iu 
his estate to a nephew, after which the entire projjcrty was to 
<-ome to this countr}- to "found at Washington," "the Smith- 
siniian Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge 
among nu'U." Tlu; legality of the l)e(iuest was tested in the 
English courts; the result of which was to sustain the will of the 
testator, and to accomplish ihe object the sum of $I>15,1G!) was 
placed in the Treasury of the IJiuted States, which has been in- 
creased by accumulations to $(!5(),0t)0 and is held as a i)ermanent 
endowment fund. Erom the savings of the income, the build- 
ing has been erected at a cost of $450,000. The National 
Museum, which forms a part of the Institution, is sustained by 
the government, and the current expenses are paid from the in- 
come of the fund. 

The corner-stone was laid IMay 1, 1847, with masonic cere- 
monies. President Polk was present with the cabinet, and Vice 
President (Jeorge M. Dallas was the orator of the occasion. In 
185G the bidlding was ready for occupanc}', and in 18()5 was 
badly damaged by fire, on which occasion a galler}' of Indian 
portraits, a number of personal relics of the founder, with many 
valuable manuscripts and reports, were destroyed These losses 
were serious in their character and could not be replaced. The 
administration of the Institution is vested in a Board of Regents 
appointed by authority of Congress. 

The purposes of the Institution are the encouragement of 
scientific investigation, the circulation of scientific works, the 
distribution in foreign countries of the publications of historical 
and scientitie societies in this country, a system of international 
exchanges with kindred institutions and associations throughout 
the world, and the maintenance of an extensive system of 
meteorological observation throughout the Western Hemisphere 
for the determination of the climatic laws. In many other ways, 
direct and indirect, does this Institution fullill the enlightened 
purpose of its generous founder. 



48 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

The National Museum is the most interesting feature of the 
Institution. It contains the specimens gathered by more than 
fifty exploring expeditions of the government from every quar- 
ter of the globe. In ethnology it is said to be the richest col- 
lection in the world, and in all the departments of natural his- 
tory is very complete. 

At the time of this writing the Museum is being rearranged, 
and therefore an intelligent description of the several halls can- 
not be made; indeed, the scope of this work does not admit of 
detail of that kind. The intelligent visitor will readily discern 
the main points of interest, and will be much aided in the pur- 
suit of special investigation by the cards explaining the system 
of labeling which are posted for the use of visitors. 

The tall shaft of marble west of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, and so distinctly seen from all parts of the city, is the un- 
finished 

WASHINGTON MONUMENT, 

The corner-stone of which was laid July 4, 1848. The orig- 
inal design contemplates a circular building 2-50 feet in diame- 
ter and 100 feet high, and above this an obelisk seventy feet 
square at the base and 500 feet high. Subscriptions have been 
made sufficient to build the column to a height of 184 feet, 
but for a number of years the contributions have been barely 
eniiugh to keep it in repair. The design, furnished by Robert 
Mills, was a grand conception, and can be seen at the office in 
the Monument Grounds. Lining the inside of the monument, 
and also in the sheds erected near, are to be seen blocks of stone 
contributed by every nation, and by almost every class of people 
of all nations, bearing suitable inscriptions, and intended to tes- 
tify a universal respect for the great and good man. A feeling 
of sadness, almost of shame, comes over the American visitor as 
he contemplates this unfinished structure. But history teaches, 
by numerous examples, that such works, even in older and more 
wealthy nations, were never built by voluntary contributions. 

THE ARSENAL 

Is located on the extreme southern limit of the city, at the 
mouth of the Eastern Branch, and is in full view from the Navy 
Yard. Death-dealing implements of war, of everv imaginable 
construction and material, may l)e found hero; also a museum 
containing offensive and defensive war material from every na- 
tion, arranged Avith military precision, and in so neat and or- 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 49 

derl y a manner as to form a curious attraction. Curiosities from 
the battle-lieUls in tlie late war form a feature of special interest. 
It was here that the conspirators in the assassination of Presi- 
dent Lincohi were tried, convicted, and executed. The entrance 
to the Arsenal Grounds faces Four-and-a-half Street. 

THE COLUMBIA ARMORY 
Is the grim and solid-looking building in the square on 7th St. 
east of the Smithsonian Institution. This place is used by the 
District militia as a drill-ground and head-quarters, and is now 
being improved for these purposes. 

THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 

One of the largest establishments of the kind, in the world, is 
located directly north of the Capitol. Nearly all the printing 
and binding required by Congress, and the numerous govern- 
ment departments in AVashington, is done in this building, and 
the most recent and perfect machinery is used in the execution 
of tlie work. The variety of the work performed here is very 
great, from the cheapest Congressional Reports to the highly il- 
lustrated books containing the results of scientific expeditions 
and departments of the government. Several hundred hands 
are employed, and the scene presented during working hours is 
busy and interesting. A visit should not be omitted by the in- 
quiring visitor. 

WINDER'S BUILDING. 

Northwest corner of F and 17th St. It is owned by the gov- 
ernment and used for the accommodation of a variety of public 
officers, namely, the Chief Engineer of the Armv, the Battle 
Kecord Room, Judge Advocate General of the Army, a portion 
of the Adjutant General's Office, the Army Ordnance Cilice and 
Museum, and the Second Auditor of the Treasury. 

ORDNANCE MUSEUM 

Is in Winder's Building, northwest corner of F and 17th Sts., 
in a detached building to the rear, and is entered from the 
second floor. The Ordnance OtHce of the War Department is 
also in tliat building. 

This museum contains many objects of great interest, namely, 
the captured confederate Hags, speciniens of uniform and e(juip- 
mcnts, models and drawings, curious arms of many kinds, ages, 
nationalities, and sizes. A very interesting place to visit. 



50 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 

And office of the Surgeon General of the United States Army, is 
located on 10th St. between E and F Sts., in a building which was 
originally a church, subsequently Ford's Theatre, and specially 
Interesting as the place of the assassination of President Lincoln. 
Immediately after that event the government took possession of 
the premises, and subsequently bought the property for its pres- 
ent uses. The changes thereby required have completely al- 
tered the interior of the building. 

Upon the first and second floors are the offices of the Surgeon 
General, in which are kept the hospital records of the late war, 
and to which reports of the surgical departments of all military 
posts are forwarded. These records are valuable as supplying 
a greater part of the data upon which the action of the Pension 
Bureau is based, and number over 10,000 volumes. The dead 
roll of the army, 1861 to 1866, contains over 300,000 names. 

The Museum is on the third floor, and contains an immense 
number of specimens which are interesting especially to the sci- 
entific visitor. There are several divisions of specimens, namely. 
Surgical, Medical, Microscopical, Anatomical, Comparative 
Anatomy, and Miscellaneous. This collection, it is claimed, is 
unequaled in the world, and is of special interest to the surgical 
and medical profession, although not without interest to the 
layman. 

THE CONGRESSIONAL CONSERVATORY, 

Where rare plants from all parts of the world can be seen in full 
bloom, is opposite the west side of the Capitol Grounds and south 
of Pennsylvania Avenue. Beautiful and healtliv specimens of 
the date, fan, and other palm-trees, banana, india-rubber, coffee, 
and cinnamon trees, and a great number of tropical plants, are 
to be seen here. There are several thousand specimens in the 
collection, arranged in different conservatories, according to the 
required temperature. 

THE COAST SURVEY OFFICE, 

Under the care of the Navy Department, is in a neat and com- 
modious building on Capitol Hill, and within a few steps of the 
southern entrance to the Capitol Grounds. The results of the 
coast surveys of the United States are forwarded here and pre- 
pared for publication. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 51 

THE GOVERNMENT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE 

Is located on the bank of the Eastern Branch, opposite the Navy 
Yard. The building is large and beautifully proportioned, occu- 
pies an elevated and commanding site, and in all its arrange- 
ments, internal and external, is a model institution. It was 
built under authority of an act of Congress, and is for the ac- 
commodation of the insane of the army and navy of the United 
States, and of the District of Columbia. 

THE NAVY YARD, 

Located in the eastern section of the city, on the Anacostia 
River (the eastern branch of the Potomac.) The grounds com- 
prise about three hundred and tifty-seven acres, and are ap- 
proached, on the land side, through a handsome gateway, con- 
tiguous to which are several guns, trophies of naval Avarfare, 
the inscription on each stating its history. The Avorkshops, 
ordnance stores, mementos of maritime adventure, ship-houses, 
and frequently monitors and Avar A'^essels, present objects of in- 
terest sufficient to occupy A-^ery profitably the time of the visitor. 
Near the yard are the Marine Barracks and Marine Hospital. 



PUBLIC PARKS AND GROUNDS. 



The city of Washington enjoys abundant opportunities for the cir- 
culation of fresh air, no small advantage in a large and growing city. 
Its broad avenues and Avide streets, by their peculiar arrangement 
create large open spaces — triangles and circles — at points of inter- 
section, Avhich are, in common Avith several other open pieces of land 
.«fecured to the federal goA'ernment, and knoAvn as government reserva- • 
tions. Of these the most beautiful and attractive is 

The Fourteenth Street Circle, at the intersection of Massachu- 
setts and Vermont Avenues with 14th f?t., Avhere a tasteful fountain 
and an ornamental iron inclosure have been erected. A set of stone 
furniture of rustic design and elaborate finish, the Avork of a distin- 
guished Neapolitan artist, has been placed here and adds greatly to 
the attractions of the locality. 

Government Reservation No. 2. — The continuous stretch of ground 
comprising about two hundred acres, and extending from the Capitol 
Grounds to the IMonumental Grounds (or Park of the ^Vashington 
Monument), and indicated on the map as the Mall, it is proposed to 



52 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

improve with walks and drives, trees and shrubbery, fountains and 
ornamental works of various kinds. This is intended to provide a 
park drive from tlie Capitol to the Executive Mansion, which is already 
laid out and open to the public, although the improvements have not 
as yet made much progress. Within this space are the Government 
Conservatory, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Agriculture, 
and Washington Monument. This reservation is important as the 
dividing line between the northwest and southwest sections of the city. 

Lafayette Square, directly opposite and north of the Executive 
Mansion. It is a favorite place of resort, and its delightful shade and 
pleasant retreats, during the warm season, daily attract large numbers 
of people. In the centre of the Square stands 

Thr Equestrian Statue of Jackson. — The material in this statue 
is principally cannon captured by General Jackson at Pensacola, and 
the four brass six-pounders, at the base of the pedestal, were captured 
at the battle of New Orleans, in 1815. The entire height of the statue 
and pedestal is sixteen feet, and the centre of gravity is so nicely cal- 
culated that no other means are required to maintain it balanced in 
position upon the hind feet of the horse. 

Washington Circle and Statue. — Just north of the Naval Observa- 
tory, at the intersection of Pennsylvania and New Hampshire Avenues 
is Washington Circle, a pleasant litte park, containing the equestrian 
statue of Washington, modeled and cast in bronze by Clark Mills, by 
order of Congress, at a cost of $50,000. The artist has chosen as the 
proper illustration of his subject that eventful moment in the life of 
Washington, when, at the battle of Princeton, he turned the scale by 
leading his troops in person, and thus securing victory. The likeness 
is said to be one of the best in existence. 

Scott Circle and Statue. — Due north of the Executive Mansion, 
at the intersection of IGth St., Massachusetts and Rhode Island Ave- 
nues, is a small circle containing the bronze statue of General Winfield 
Scott. It is of colossal size, and represents the General in full uni- 
form on a thorough-bred charger. It is one of the finest works of 
art at the National Capitol, designed by II. K. Brown, and cast from 
cannon captured by the General in the war with Mexico. 

Farragut Square, Connecticut Avenue, between I and K Sts., north- 
west. In this square will be placed an heroic statue of Admiral Farra- 
gut, an appropriation for this purpose liaving been made in 1872. 

Franklin Square, between I and K, and 13th and 14th Sts., north- 
west. A very attractive little park. 

Scott Square, Vermont Avenue, bctv^ccn I and K Sts., northwest. 
The subject of changing the name of this square has been agitated, 
the proposition being to transfer the name to the circle in which tlie 
statue of General Scott has been placed, as has already been done by 
common usage. 

Judiciary Square, surrounding the City Hall, fronting Louisiana 
Avenue, at the head of Four-and-a-half St., between 4th and 5th Sts., 
northwest. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 53 

Armory Square, south of Reservation No. 2 and east of the Smith- 
sonian Institution. 

Lincoln Park, at the eastern terniiuus of East Capitol St. 

Rawlins Square, on New York Avenue between ISth and 19th Sts., 
contains an heroic statue of General John A. Rawlins in bronze, by 
J. Bailey. 

Mount Vernon Place, formerly occupied by the Norton Market, is 
at the intersection of Massachusetts and New York Avenues, K and 
8th Sts., is beautifully laid out, provided with seats, and contains a 
large and beautiful bronze fountain. 

P Street Circle, at the intersection of P St. with Rhode Island and 
Vermont Avenues, is being finished in an attractive manner, and con- 
tains a handsome fountain. 

The above are in various states of attractiveness, but they, with 
several other pieces of government land in the city, are undergoing 
improvements to such a degree as the Congressional appi-opriations will 
allow, under the supervision of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, 
who has charge of all the government grounds in the District. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 



WASHINGTON ALMS-HOUSE. 
This handsome edifice, dedicated to corporate charity, and the re- 
straint and reformation of petty offenders, occupies an elevated site 
east of the Capitol, and is a rare specimen of the right building in 
the right place. Its architecture is pleasing and durable without 
unnecessary expense ; and a visit to it will repay any visitor inter- 
ested in such subjects. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL, 

For the correction and improvement of juvenile offenders, is located 
on the government farm, near Bladensburg, and is an interesting in- 
stitution. 

THE PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL 
Is chartered by Congress, and sums of money necessary for its proper 
support arc annually donated by that body. It is intended to receive 
invalid or outcast persons w ho are in bodily suffering, and is under 
the care of a board of prominent physicians of the city, and the Sis- 
ters of Charity of the Roman Catholic Church. The building, which 
is attractive in its outward appearance, and arranged with every com- 
fort within, is situated on the corner of Second Street East, and D 
Street South, in a very healthy location, a short distance couth of the 
Capitol. Visitors are received daily. 



54 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

THE COLUMBIA HOSPITAL, 
For Women and Lying-in- Asylum, is chartei'ed similarly to the above 
mentioned, and devoted to the objects indicated by its name. It is not, 
however, under the charge of any religious denomination, as is the 
case with Providence Hospital. 

THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
Have recently completed a new building on 13th Street, near S, for 
which purpose Congress made an appropriation of $(25,000, and is 
doing a good work in behalf of needy and erring women and half 
orphaned or neglected children. The association supplies employment 
to women seeking work, and a home to many that otherwise would 
suffer for the ordinary comforts of life. 

THE YOUNG MENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
Have a handsome building at the corner of Ninth and D Streets, where 
the stranger will always find a welcome. The rooms are open from 
nine a. m. to ten p. M. Newspapers and magazines, religious and sec- 
ular, from all parts of the countrj^, are to be found in the reading- 
rooms. The library embraces about twenty thousand volumes, of 
nearly every class of literature, and is free to all to read in the rooms ; 
and by the payment of an annual fee of two dollars, books can be 
taken away. The membership fee, entitling to all the privileges of 
the Association, is four dollars annually. 

VARIOUS CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 

Besides the foregoing there are the Louisa Home, on Massachusetts 
Avenue, between 15th and 16th Streets ; St. John's Hospital for chil- 
dren, on I Street, between 20th and 21st Streets : Washington City Or- 
phan Asylum, on I Street, between Second and Third Streets ; The 
Epiphany Church Home, on H Street, between 14th and 15th Streets ; 
The National Soldiers' and Sailors" Orphan Home, on G Street, be- 
tween 17th and 18th Streets ; St. Ann's Infant Asylum, at K and 24th 
Streets ; The Home for the Aged, corner of H and Third Streets ; Chil- 
dren's Hospital, on E Street, between Ninth and Tenth Streets; and 
St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, corner Tenth and II Streets, are ail 
objects of interest. 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, 



Lincoln Hall, one of the best audience rooms in the city, capable 
of seating about twelve hundred persons, is at the corner of 9th and 
D Sts., and is the popular hall for concerts and lectures. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 55 

The National Theatre, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between 13th and 
14th Streets. 

Masonic Hall, corner of 9th and F Streets, for miscellaneous enter- 
tainments. 

Ford's Opera House, 9th Street corner C Street. 



INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 



COLUMBIAN COLLEGE, 

The department of arts and sciences is located on 14th Street 
north of Boundary Street, the law department on 5th Street between D 
and E Street, and the medical department on H Street between 13th 
and 14th Streets. This institution is a source of especial pride to 
the citizens of Washington, having from the date of its incorporation 
in 1821 maintained a high position as a centre of learning. Its or- 
ganization embraces the various university courses, and in the law 
and medical departments is especially popular. Its library contains 
nearly ten thousand volumes. 

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, 
Takes its name from its location, and is owned and controlled by 
clergymen of the Roman Catholic Church. This college has a very 
extensive influence, embracing at all times in its roll of students rep- 
resentatives from every portion of this continent ; and its systems 
of study are so thorough and progressive that it deservedly enjoys a 
national reputation of the highest order. The graduates of its medi- 
cal department include many distinguished names. The college library 
numbers thirty thousand volumes, including many ancient and curi- 
ous manuscripts and missals. The law department is located on 5th 
Street between D and E Streets, and the medical department on H 
Street between 13th and 14th Streets. 

HOWARD UNIVERSITY 

Is located on 7th Street, just outside the northern boundary line of 
Washington City, and although founded less then ten years since, has 
already made a wide reputation as an institution of learning. Its 
special feature is the admission of students without regard to race 
or color, and its advantages are chiefly enjoyed by colored men. The 
law and medical branches are admirably conducted, and very flourish- 
ing. 

GONZAGA COLLEGE, 
A Roman Catholic institution, on F Street, between 9th and 10th 
Streets. 



56 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND 
DUMB 

Is one of the best establishmeuts of the kind iu the country. It is 
located in the northeastern portion of the city, in a pleasant suburb 
familiarly known as Kendall Green. The architecture of the building 
is very fine, the system of instruction thorough, and the institution 
very interesting. In the chapel are plaster casts of the Abbe De 
TEpei and of Abb(5 Siceul, both distinguished for their service to 
deaf mutes. 

Open daily, except Sundays, and can be reached by the Columbia 
City Railroad. 

PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 

The most attractive are the Franklin Building at the corner of 
13th and K Streets, northwest ; the Wallace, on Pennsylvania Avenue 
and 6th Street, southeast ; the Seaton, on I Street, between 1st and 
2d Street, northwest ; the Jefferson, corner 6th Street and Virginia 
Avenue, soutliwest ; and the Sumner, for colored children, corner M 
and 17th Streets, northwest. These are all large, and the arrange- 
ments for the purposes intended are very complete. 



THE CORCORAN ART GALLERY. 



Mr. W. W. Corcoran, a wealthy citizen of "Washington and a liberal 
patron of art, has erected a beautiful building with all the necessary 
appointments for a complete art gallery, entirely at his own cost, 
which he has donated to public uses and conveyed to a board of 
trustees to be held as a perpetual trust. It stands at the northeast 
corner of 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. It was commenced 
in 1859, and in 1861, when nearly completed, was taken by the govern- 
ment for the use of the quartermaster's deparment, and surrendered to 
its owner in 1869, after which it was finished and dedicated to its 
intended purpose. 

The foundation of the exhibition was Mr. Corcoran's personal collec- 
tion, embracing a large number of rare paintings, Powers -s " Greek 
Slave," and a variety of marbles to which have been added from the 
fund, bronzes, plaster copies of many antiques and the Elgin mai-bles 
in the British Museum, and a variety of choice specimens of tlio ce- 
ramic art. To this donation and the building the donor has added a 
fuiid from which an income will arise to maintain the gallery and in- 
crease tlie collection. 

Catalogues may be purchased at the door. 

Open daily from 10 a. m. until near sunset ; free on Tuesdays, Thurs- 
days, and Saturdays. Admission, twenty -five cents, on Mondays, Wed- 
nesdays, and Fridays. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 57 

STREET RAILWAYS. 



METROPOLITAN RAILROAD COMPANY. 

(COMMONLV CALLED THE P STREET LINE.) 

The eastern terminvis is East Capitol Street, whence the cars run 
through portions of First and B Streets, N. E., New Jersey Avenue, D, 
Fifth, F, Fourteenth, H, and Seventeenth streets, and Pennsylvania 
Avenue, passing the B. & 0. R R. Depot, City Hall, Post Office De- 
partment, Patent Office, Ebbitt House, the Arlington, La Fayette 
Squai'e, and within one square of the Treasury Department and Ex- 
ecutive Mansion, to the Corcoran Art Gallery and War and Navy de- 
partments. 

GEORGETOWN BRANCH. 

Cars leave the main line at H and Seventeenth Streets, running 
through portions of Seventeenth Street, Connecticut Avenue, and P 
Street, over Rock Creek into Georgetown, and through West, High, 
Fayette, Dunbarton, and Montgomery Streets, passing the residence of 
the British Legation and the Convent of the Visitation. 

NINTH STRKET BRANCH. 

Cars leave the intersection of Seventh and Boundary Streets running 
througli Boundary and Ninth Streets, intersecting the main line at F 
Street, where transfer tickets are given for the east or west to B 
Street, through Sixth Street, Missouri Avenue, and Four-and-a-half 
Street to the Arsenal gate, passing the Patent Office, Masonic Temple, 
Lincoln Hall, Wall's Opera House, Centre Market, and B. & P. R. R. 
Depot. 

WASHINGTON AND GEORGETOWN RAILROAD 
COMPANY. 

Georgetown is the western terminus of this line, whence its cars run 
through Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the Corcoran Art Gallery, 
War, Navy, and Treasury departments, Executive Mansion, La Fayette 
Square, Willard's, Impei-ial, National, Metropolitan, St. James, and 
Washington hotels. Congressional Conservatory, the Capitol, B. & 0. 
R. R. Depot, to the Marine Barracks and Navy Yard. 

The blue cars run between Georgetown and the B. & 0. R. R. Depot 
only : but the red cars traverse the entire route. 

This railroad has two branches, for whicli transfer tickets can be 
olit;nncd. The principal one of these sUirts from tlie foot of St-vcnth 
Street, where it connects with the southern mail boats, and, crossing 
the main track at right angU\><, continues to tlic city boundary, within 
a few minutes" walk of Howard University, passing en route the 



58 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

grounds of the Smithsonian Institution, the Post Office Department, 
and the Patent Office. The other branch leaves the main line at the 
junction of New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street, opposite the 
Treasury Department, and runs thence, through New York Avenue 
and Fourteenth Street to the city boundary, passing the Department 
of State. 

SILVER SPKING BKAMCH. 
Cars leave the intersection of Seventh and Boundary Streets, con- 
necting with the Seventh and Ninth Street lines, running north through 
Seventh Street, passing Howard University, Schutzen Park, Soldiers- 
Home, and terminating at the road leading east to Rock Creek Church. 

JiEW ROAD, "belt ROAD." 
Cars start from the Capitol, running north through Fu'st and Fourth 
Streets to 0, west through to Eleventh, south through Eleventh, E, 
and Fourteenth Streets, Ohio Avenue, and Twelfth Street, passing the 
Agricultural Department, thence east to the starting place at the Cap- 
itol. 

COLUMBIA STREET RAILROAD COMPANY. 

The cars of this line start from the junction of New York Avenue 
and Fifteenth Street, opposite the Treasury Department, running 
through New York Avenue and K Street, Massachusetts Avenue and 
II Street, passing the Government Printing Office, to the site of the 
old toll gate at the city boundary, on the Bladensburg Road. 



CHURCHES. 



Church architecture in the national capital has improved greatly during the 
past few years, and to-day each leading denomination has one or more church 
buildings that are elegant and attractive. Of these, mention may be made of 
the Cliurch of the Ascension and Trinity, Episcopal; the Metropolitan, with its 
line chime of bells, and The Foundry, Methodist Episcopal; New York Ave- 
nue, Presbyterian; St. Aloysius and St. Dominick's, Roman Catholic; and the 
First Congregational. Several otiier denominations have edifices which are 
commodious and comfortable, although without special claims to architectural 
beaut^'. 

The hours of service on the Sabbath are generally with all denominations the 
same, namely, 11 a. m. and 7 1-2 p. m. 

The following is a list of the names and locations of some of the prominent 
churches and pastors : — 

Baptist. — First, 13th St., between G and II. Rev. J. II. Cuthbert. D. D., pas- 
tor. E Street, E St., between 6th and 7th Sts., vacant. Calvary, corner Sth and 
H Sts.. Rev. I. W. Parker, D. D., pastor. 

Congregational. — First, corner 10th and G Sts., Rev. .1. E. Rankin, D. D., 
pastor. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 59 

Ei'iscoPAL. — Ascension, Massachusetts Avenue, coiner 12th St., Rt. Rev. 
Wm. Pinkney, rector, Rev. J. H. Elliott, assistant. Epiphany, G St., between 
l.'Uh and 14th Sts., Rev. \V. F. Watkins, D. D., rector. Trinity, corner 3d and C 
Sts., Rev. Thomas G. Addison, D. D., rector. 

Lutheran.— Memorial, corner N and 14th Sts.. Rev. J. G. Butler, D. D., 
pastor. St. Paul's, corner 11th and H Sts., Rev. Samuel Doiner. 

Methodist Episcotal.— Metropolitan, corner 4 1-2 and C Sts., Rev. J. P. 
Newman, D. D., pastor. Foundry, corner G and 14th Sts., Rev. II. A. Cleve- 
land, pastor, llamline, corner 9th and P Sts., Rev. R. \V. Black, pastor. 

Methodist Episcopal (South). — Mt. Vernon, corner Uth and K Sts., Rev. 
Alpheus Wilson, pastor. 

Pkesbytekian. — First, 4 1-2 St., Rev. B. Sunderland, D. D., pastor. New- 
York Avenue, New York Avenue, between 13th and 14th Sts., Rev. S. S. 
Jlitchell, D. D., pastor. Capitol' Hill, 4th St., N. E., Dr. John Chester, pastor. 

Roman Catholic. — St. Matthew's, corner 15th and H Sts., Rev. Charles 
I. White, D. D., pastor. Rev. D. DeWulf, assistant. St. Aloysius, corner North 
Capitol and I Sts., Rev. I. Ciampi, S. J., pastor ; Rev. A. L. Jamison, S. A. F., 
assistant. St. Dominick's, corner 6th and F Sts., S. W. (Island), Rev. M. B. 
Fortune, O. S. D., pastor ; Rev. I. Sheridan and Rev. R. Scannel, O. S. D., as- 
sistants. 

For further information see City Directory. 



LEADING HOTELS. 



The Arlington, Vermont Avenue, between H and I Sts., T. Roessle & Son, 
Prop's. 

Ebbitt House, F St., corner 14th, C. C. AVillard, Prop. 

Imperial Hotel, E St., between 13th and 14th, I. S. Pierce, Prop. 

Metropolitan Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, between Cth and 7th Sts., George B. 
Cake. 

National Hotel, corner Pennsylvania Avenue and Oth St., F. Tenney & Co. 

St. James Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 6th St., Wood- 
bury & Duren. 

St. Marc Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 7th St., John II. 
Semmes. 

Willard's Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, cor. 14th St., J. F. Cake & Co., Prop's. 

Owen House, Pennsylvania Avenue, between 14th and loth Sts., Jordan & 
Gordon. 

" Wormley's," corner H and 15th StS., James Wormley. 

Washington House, corner 3d St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, Mrs. A. F. Bev- 
eridge. 

Wekker's, 727, 15th St., Mrs. John C. Welcker. 

Gray's, 020, 15 1-2 St., John A. Gray. 

Congressional Hotel, Capitol Hill, William Sanderson. 



60 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



OFFICES OF THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT. 

The principal oificers are at present occupying tlie Morrison Build- 
ing on Four-and-a-half St., near Pennsylvania Avenue, and a por- 
tion of 

THE CITY HALL. 

This building was commenced in the year 1820, and after a long 
period, during which it remained in a fi-agmentary state, was brought 
to its present extent in 1850. The original plan contemplates a much 
larger structure, the portion already completed embracing only one 
wing. It presents a commanding appearance, with a front, in stucco, 
of two hundred feet. The location is on Judiciary Square, at the head 
of I'our-and-a-half St., and facing Louisiana Avenue. In the centre 
of the open space in front stands a monument to President Lincoln, 
erected in 1868 by the residents of Washington, and designed by one 
of its citizens. 

THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT 

Is vested in the Congress of the United States. That body originally 
delegated the control to a board of commissioners, then to a superin- 
tendent, then to a mayor appointed by the President. Afterward a 
more liberal charter allowed the citizens to elect their mayor and mu- 
nicipal councils. But this was unsatisfactory, and a territorial organ- 
ization being generally desired, Congress passed an act, in 1870, 
providing for the change, and in April, 1871, anew government was 
organized. Its officers consisted of a Governor, a Secretary, a Council 
or Upper Board of the Legislature, a Board of Public Works, and a 
Board of Health, all appointed by the President for certain terms, and 
confirmed by the Senate of the United States ; a Delegate to Congress, 
and a House of Delegates or Lower House of the Legislature, and other 
officers, elected by the people. 

Early in 1872 Congress was memorialized regarding many acts of the 
Board of Public Works, which had been created by the new organiza- 
tion of the government, complaint being especially dii-ected against 
the large and rapid increase of the debt of the District. An investi- 
gation was ordered which terminated in a disagreement of the Com- 
mittee, and no action was taken by Congress. The subject was agitated 
again in 1874, and certain alleged irregularities were objected to, in 
consequence of which a joint committQC from both houses was ap- 
poi:i;el to investigate the subject, which resulted in a report con- 
deiu.iiiig the system of the District Government as costly, unwieldy, 



CITY OF WASHINGrON. 61 

and lacking in essential elements of protection of the public treasury 
and checks upon bad government, the tcx-minatiou of which was au 
act passed June 20, 1874, abolishing the existing territorial organiza- 
tion, but retaining the Board of Health, and vesting the powers of ad- 
ministration in a board of three commissioners pending the further 
action of Congress. 



THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON 

Is remarkably full of historic interest; its landscape scenery is 
beautil'ul, and the suburban drives delightful. 

To the northeast, about six miles from the city, on the Ana- 
costia Kiver, commonly known as the Eastern Branch of the 
Potomac, which before the Eevolution was a navigable stream 
to this point, is the village of 

BLADENSBURG, 

Interesting principally as a battle-ground in the War of 1812. On 
the road are indications of lines of rille-pits, heavy fortilications, 
and other marks of the late war. About four miles out, is tlie 
"old dueling ground," made memorable by the duels partici- 
pated in by Senator Mason, Commodore Decatur, Henrj^ <-'lay, 
John Randolph, Midshipman Locke, Doctor Johnson, A. J. 
Dallas, and many other prominent characters. 

FORTIFICATIONS 

About two miles outside of Washington, and completely en- 
circling the city, there was, during the war, a chain of fortifica- 
tions, connected by a military road. There were more than fifty 
large forts, besides as many smaller batteries, which mounted 
more than one thousand guns, many of them of the heaviest 
calibre. All of the fortifications on the north and east sides have 
long since been dismantled, and their outlines may be seen in 
the various eminences around the cit}'. Fort Foote, an earth- 
work, in Maryland, south of the city, still remains. Also Fort 
Whipple, on Arlington Heights. The latter is used as a station 
or school of instruction for the Signal Corps of the United States 
Armv. 

DRIVE TO THE NORTH. 

The section of country immediately north of the city is full of 
interest. , Driving out of the road north of the Capitol, the beau- 
tiful Cemetery of Glen wood is passed. Next appears what was, 



62 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

during the war, the site of Harewood Hospital, on the carefully 
kept and elegant grounds of Mr. W. \V^ Corcoran. These 
grounds have recently been purchased by the government and 
included in the " Soldiers' Home." West from this is 

THE MILITARY ASYLUM, 
Or " Soldiers' Home," situated on an eminence commanding 
an extensive view, and surrounded by grounds of great beauty, 
which are kept in perfect order by the infirm veterans of the 
army. The buildings themselves are handsome and commo- 
dious, and, during the summer months, the President and family 
have the privilege of residing in one of them. President Lin- 
coln made this his summer residence. The government has 
nearly completed a large stone building Avhich is intended to be 
the "model hospital of the world." In the rear of the Asylum 
is a soldiers' cemetery covering many acres, handsomely fenced 
in, carefully tended, and ornamented with flower-beds, ever- 
greens, shrubbery, and clinging vines. Here sleep thousands 
of those who died from disease or wounds contracted in the 
army. A simple head-board, painted white, having inscribed 
on it in black letters the name and rank, marks each grave. 
North of the Asylum is the 

ROCK CREEK CHURCH, 
A solemn looking edifice, built in the time of Washington, orig- 
inally of brick brought from England, but since rebuilt in more 
modern style and material. 

BATTLE-GROUND. 
From the Military Asylum and the Rock Creek Church a 
drive of nearly a mile brings the sight-seer to the Seventh St. 
road, and about two miles north is the spot where the conflict 
occurred bet^veen the Confederates and the Sixth Army Corps. 
This was the nearest approach of the Southern troops to the 
city during the war. Their officers entertained themselves at 
Montgomery Blair's country residence, " Silver Springs," which 
is just inside the district limits, on the Seventh St. road. Con- 
tinuing the drive toward Georgetown, on the Rock Creek road, 
the location of the proposed public park is passed, which in 
natural beauty offers exceedingly rare advantages for the pur- 
pose. Taking the Fourteenth St. road, the favorite drive on 
pleasant afternoons of the possessors of fast teams, passing 
Columbian College, and continuing west by a way having scenery 
remarkable for its rugged beauty, 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 03 

GEORGETOWN, 

Washington's twin city, is reached. It is three miles west of 
the Capitol, and separated from the city of Washington by Kock 
Creek, Avhicli is spanned by a beautiful iron bridge. The city 
is located upon high ground, and commands a beautiful prospect 
of the Capitol and the valley of the Potomac. It is a port of 
entry, carries on a considei'able trade, and is the greatest shad, 
and herring market in the United States ; large quantities of 
these fish being caught in the Potomac and brought here for 
packing. The flouring business is extensively carried on, and 
keeps ten mills in constant operation. The Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal is carried over the Potomac at this place, upon an 
aqueduct one thousand four hundred and forty-six feet long 
and thirty-six feet high, costing in its construction two millions 
of dollars. The canal extends to Cumberland, a distance of one 
hundred and eighty-four miles, through a country teeming with 
mineral products. The entire cost of the work was $12,000,000. 
There are eight chui-ches in the city, two banks, a college, a 
convent, and several hotels. 

LITTLE FALLS. 
Three miles Avestward from Georgetown the Potomac forms 
a succession of cascades, designated the "Little Falls." The 
river at this point is exceedingly beautiful. A substantial 
bridge here crosses the turbulent stream to the Virginia shore, 
and from it a drive of tifteen miles through an interesting hill 
and forest country leads to the 

GREAT FALLS. 

This romantic water-fall is a sublime specimen of the wild- 
est mood of nature. Through jagged barriers of rock, the river 
forces its way with great power. It is a favorite resort of excur- 
sion parties, who follow the fine drive on top of the aqueduct. 

From this point of the river the Avater used by the people of 
Washington is conveyed to the city by means of the 

WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 

This enterprise has cost nearly three millions of dollars, and 
affords the city a more than ample water supply. 

There are, in all, upon this work eleven tunnels, some of them 
many hundred feet in length, and six bridges. The most re- 



64 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

markable of these is the bridge that spans a small tributary of 
the Potomac, called the Cabin John Creek, by a single arch, two 
hundred and twenty feet in span, and one hundred feet high, be- 
ing the largest stone arch in the world. The receiving reservoir 
is formed by throwing a dam across a small stream known as 
the Powder-mill or Little Falls branch. The dam is of pounded 
earth, and floods above fifty acres, making a reservoir of irreg- 
ular shape, containing, at a level of one hundred and forty feet 
above high-tide, 82,521,500 gallons. The water leaves it at a 
distance of three thousand feet from the point where it enters, 
and, in slowly passing across this pool, which deepens to thirty 
or forty feet near the exit, deposits most of its sediment. The 
Powder-mill branch supplies two or three millions of gallons of 
pure water daily to the reservoir. 

The conduit is nine feet in dimensions, and discharges 67,596,- 
400 gallons in twenty-four hours. Some idea of the magnitude 
of the enterprise may be formed by comparing the statement 
above given with the fact that the Croton Aqueduct supplies 
37,000,000 gallons in the same period. 

ARLINGTON. 

This magnificent estate, formerly the property of George 
Washington Parke Custis, is situated directly' opposite George- 
town, on the south bank of the Potomac. It became the prop- 
erty of the Lee family by inheritance, and, at the beginning of 
the late war, was the residence of Colonel Robert E. Lee, after- 
ward so prominent in the Confederate military service. The 
place is rich in historic memories that make it a point of special 
interest, which is greatly enhanced by the events of the late war 
that centred here, and b}^ the present conditions and surround- 
ings of the place. 

During the recent war the buildings were used for military 
purposes, and the grounds frequently for military camps. Hav- 
ing been subsequently bought by the government, at a tax-sale, 
it has been devoted to other public uses. 

A portion of the land is devoted to an extensive cemetery, 
where 15,589 soldiers have been buried. Of these many iiun- 
dreds have been exhumed, but the date of removal is added to 
the inscription on the head-boards, which are allowed to re- 
main. There are over 4,000 unknown, of which 2,111, who fell 
at Bull Run and on the route to the Rappahannock, are interred 
under a granite monument near the entrance to the cemeteiy. 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 65 

Each grave, 13,478 in all, is marked with a neat head-board 
bearing the name of the deceased, and a register in the office of 
the superintendent gives further information 

ALEXANDRIA 

Is seven miles distant from Washington, with which city there 
is a constant communication by steamboat and railroad. 

In the latter part of his life, George Washington was a pew- 
holder of Christ Church, in this city, and many reminiscences 
of that great man are preserved in the records of this ancient 
church, and also in the archives of Washington Lodge, No. 22, 
of Free and Accepted Masons, also located here. Alexandria is 
connected with Georgetown and the West by a canal, and a con- 
siderable manufacturing business is carried on. 

About seven miles south of Alexandria is 

MOUNT VERNON, 

Once the home, and now the resting-place of Washington. The 
estate is now the property of "The Women's Mount Vernon 
Association." 

The tomb contains the remains of Washington and his wife 
Martha, and is a plain brick structure, having in front an iron- 
grating door, through which may be seen the sarcophagi inclos- 
ing the remains. The mansion contains many historical relics, 
among which may be mentioned the key of the Bastile, pre- 
sented by Lafayette; portions of the military and personal fur- 
niture of Washington, family portraits and musical instruments, 
etc. Also Rembrandt Peale's {)ainting of " Washington before 
Yorktown." 

Lafayette's room and the one in which Washington died 
December 14, 1799, are open to visitors. Steamboats run from 
Washington to Mount Vernon daily ; a portion of the passage 
money is devoted to the care and support of the buildings and 
grounds. This is the only money received from the people for 
this object. 

The Mount Vernon steamboats stop at 

FORT WASHINGTON, 

On the opposite side of the river, about six miles from Alexan- 
dria. It was built in 1812, and strongly' fortified during the late 
war. 

5 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 



OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 



The following code of official etiquette is generalh' recognized : 

The President. — The hours for receiving business calls are 
from 10 A. M. to 12 jvi. for Senators and Representatives, and 
from 12 M. to 3 p. m. for the public, except on Cabinet days 
which are Tuesdays and Fridays. Persons simply Avishing to 
pa}^ their respects to the President should note on their cards, 
" to pay respects," and limit calls to two or three minutes. Spe- 
cial days and evenings are assigned each season for calls of re- 
spect; one morning and evening a week being usually desig- 
nated for this purpose. 

Receptions, which all persons are privileged to attend, are 
held during the winter season, generally semi-monthly after Jan- 
uary 1, between 8 and 10 o'clock p. m., at which there is no 
restriction or regulation as to dress. Announcements of these 
receptions or levees are made through the daily papers, and the 
guests are presented to the President, by name, by the United 
States Marshal. The Marine Band furnishes the music on these 
occasions. 

The President holds a public reception on the 1st of January, 
when the Diplomatic Corps present themselves in court costume, 
and the officers of the army and navy in full-dress uniform. 
The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the govern- 
ment are received between the hours of ] 1 and 12, after which 
the diplomatic corps, officers of the army and navy, and finally 
civilians tn masse. 

The President accepts no invitations to dinner, and makes no 
calls or visits of ceremon}'; but is at liberty, to visit, without 
ceremony, at his pleasure. 

An invitation to dinner at the President's must be accepted in 
writing, and a previous engagement cannot take precedence. 

The address of the Executive, in conversation, is Mr. Presl 
dent. 

The afternoon receptions at the Executive INIansion are held 
b}' the ladies of the house on such days as may lie selected by 
them, assisted by such other ladies as they may invili-, between 
the hours of 2 and 5 v. m. No invitations to these are given, 



CITY OF WASHINGTON. 67 

and strangers are at liberty to call. Dress suitable on these oc- 
casions is the ordinary calling costume. 

The Vice President. — A visit from the Vice President is 
due the President on the meeting of Congress. The Vice Presi- 
dent is entitled to the tirst visit from all others, which he may 
return by card or in person. 

The Supreme Court. — The judges call upon the President 
and Vice President annually, upon the opening of the court and 
on the first day of January. 

The Cabinet. — Members of the President's Cabinet call 
upon the President on New Year's Day. First calls are also due 
from them, by card or in person, to the Vice President, Judges 
of the Supreme Court, Senators, and the Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, on the meeting of Congress. 

The Senate. — Senators call in person upon the President 
and Vice President on the meeting of Congress and 1st da}' of 
January. They also call in person, or by card, upon the Judges 
of the Supreme Court, and the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, on the meeting of Congress. 

The Speaker of the House of Representatives. — The 
Speaker calls upon the President on the meeting of Congress 
and the 1st day of January. The first call is also due from him 
to the Vice President, on the meeting of Congress. 

The House of Representatives. — Members of the House 
of Representatives call in person upon the President on the 1st 
day of January, and upon the Speaker of the House at the open- 
ing of each session. They also call, by card or in person, upon 
the President, Vice President, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
Cabinet Officers, Senatoi's, Speaker of the House, and Foreign 
Ministers, soon after the opening of each session of Congress. 

Foreign Ministers. — The Diplomatic Corps call upon the 
President on the 1st day of January, and upon the Vice Presi- 
dent, Cabinet Officers, Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, 
and Speaker of the House, by card or in pei'son, on the first op- 
portunity after presenting their credentials to the President. 
They also make an annual call of ceremony, by card or in per- 
son, upon the Vice President, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
Senators, and Speaker of the House, soon after the meeting of 
Congress. 

The Court of Claims. — The Judges of the Court of Claims 
call in person upon the President on the 1st day of January. 
They also make first visits to Cabinet Officers and the Diplo- 



68 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 

matic Corps, and call, by card or in person, upon the Judges of 
the Supreme Court, Senators, Speaker and Members of the 
House, soon after the meeting of Congress. 

The Families of Officials. — The rules which govern 
officials are also applicable to their families, in determining the 
conduct of social intercourse. 

Receptions — Besides the receptions of the President already 
specified, the Vice President, Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives, members of the Cabinet, and other government officials 
hold stated receptions which are usually known as " card recep- 
tions," to which none are expected except those receiving cards. 
There are some receptions, however, especially of the Vice Pres- 
ident and Speaker of the House, the announcements of which 
are made through the public press, that all persons are priv- 
ileged to attend, the same as the President's public levees. 

The wives of Cabinet Officers, prominent Senators and Repre- 
sentatives and other officials, also "receive " during the season, 
which commences January 1 and continues until Lent. At 
afternoon receptions no invitations are sent. Announcements 
of these are made through the daily papers, same as for the Pres- 
ident's levees. For evening receptions "cards" are issued, ex- 
cept otherwise noticed in the announcement. 

Any individual, having legitimate business with any depart- 
ment, or any official from the President downward, will find that 
all reasonable requests are met with the utmost politeness. 
From the highest to the lowest, the conduct of the officials at 
the seat of government is regulated by a code of courtesy which 
is based upon the recognized sovereignty of the people. No fees 
are needed to procure access to the President or the chiefs of de- 
partments during the hours set apart for the approach of the 
public. If a document has been filed away in some dusty 
pigeon-hole for half a century, and you are entitled to peruse it, 
although it may require several days of labor, the proper officer 
will, in due time, produce it for your inspection. Nothing op- 
poses the entrance of the humblest citizen ; and patience seems 
to be the universal characteristic of every employee. Perhaps 
it may not be out of place to suggest, that an equal courtesy re- 
quires the visitor to avoid an unnecessary consumption of pub- 
lic time, by requesting what cannot be given, or asking ques- 
tions which cannot be answered. 



DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING. 

♦ 

COAT. 

Length, from 1 to 2 and 3. 

Arm, 4 to 5 and 6. 

Around the breast, under 

the coat, 7. 
Around the waist, under the 

coat, 8. 
Height, — feet — inches. 
AATeight, — lbs. 

VEST. 

Length, from 1 to 13, with 
last two coat measures. 

PANTS. 

Outside seam from top of 

waistband, 10. 
Inside leg seam, from crotch* 
12. 
Around the waist, under the coat, 8. 
Around the hips, under the coat, 14. 




We are doing a very liarge and increasing business by the above sys- 
tem of measurement, which is used successfully by hundreds of our 
patrons. Samples and prices promptly forwarded by mail upon re- 
quest. 

DEVLIN & CO. 



p. O. BOX 2256, NEW YORK. 



THE AMERICAN YOKE SHIRT. 

UNRIVALED FOR ITS 

FIT, ELEGANCE, AND DURABILITY. 





MODE OF MEASUREMENT. 

1. Size of Neck, at 1. 

2, 
3, 



Length of Shirt, from 2. 
Length of Sleeve, from 3 to 4, 

and 5, and 6. 
Across the breast from 7 to 8. 
Around the Breast. 
Around the Waist. 



REMARKS. 

state, when ordering, whether- 



Open Front or Back. 

High or low at neck. 

Style of Bosom, plain or plaited. 

Cuffs attached or detached. 

Collars attached or detached. 

Buttons, Studs, or Eyelets. 

Collars and cuffs detached from the shirt involve an extra expense. 



We are the sole manufacturers of the above Shirt, which we supply 
either ready-made or to order. Our stock of Fancy Shirtings is always 
large. Prices and information promptly forwarded by mail, when re- 
quested. 

DEVLIN &. CO. 

p. O. BOX 2256 NEW YORK. 

1106 F Street, Washinffton, D. C 



J. DEVLIN. 11- C. OGDEN. 

Devlin and Company, 

LEADING CLOTHIERS, 

READY-MADE AND TO ORDER, 
NEW YORK CITY. 



SPECIAL FEATURES. 

The aim of our bus^iness has always been 

TO SUPPLY THE BEST GOODS 

IN QUALITY, STYLE, AND FINISH, 

AT TUE LEAST POSSIBLE FltlC'E. 

By a liberal investment of capital, a lavish outlay of money to secure 
the best artistic talent in the production of our styles, and unceasing 
effort ia obtaining the choicest fabrics, we are enabled, at all times, to 
display the most elegant stock in the country of 

READY-MADE CLOTHING 

AND 

Pieee-Goods for Custom Orders. 

The advantages we thus offer are so appreciated that the sales of our 
goods continuaH.v increase ; and under this stimulus we are constantly 
enlarging our facilities for manufacturing and improving the styles of 
our garments, it being our intention in the future, as in the past, to 

liCad the Fashions for Gentlemen's Dress. 

OuK Offkk in Washington is 
1106 F STREET. 



rr HEAD-QUARTERS FOR THE BEST 

NAVAL AND MILITARY CLOTHING. 



Our extended experience in the manufacture of the finest 

UNIFORM CLOTHING 

For Officers of the Army and Navy, Cadet Uniforms for the Naval 
Academy, and for several of the leading State Universities and Colleges ; 
Full and Fatigue Dress for the National Guard, and 

UNIFORMS FOR BOYS' WEAR AT SCHOOL, 

Has made us entirely familiar with every detail of this peculiar busi- 
ness ; and our determination to surpass all competition in the style, 
durability, and economy of our Military Work has been fully crowned 
with success. We claim to offer unequaled facilities for producing 

Elegant and Durable Uniforms 

Of every description ; and we especially excel in all work requiring 
gold lace, which we put upon the garments by a special process, with 
remarkable exactness and brilliancy. 

We have lately prepared a book upon Militarj^ Dress, for the use of 
parties contemplating the purchase of Military Outfits, which will be 
sent free, upon application, to any Officer of the Army or Navy, to the 
Commandant of any Regiment or Company of State Militia or National 
Guard, to any Band Leader, to any duly authorized Uniform Commit- 
tee of a Military Organization, or to the Principal of any Military In- 
stitution. 

DEVLIN & CO. 

1106F STREET, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



459 & 461 Broadway , cot: Grand Street, 
258 & 260 Broadway, cor. Warren Street, 

NKW YORK. 



